troll Who acts: big stupid creature, person, troll, trolls, Someone, you · What happens: live, post, upset, start, troll, be · To what, where: caves, nasty messages, purpose, people, arguments, someone · Speech: someone speaks here
«troll» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: troll in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 In Scandinavian fairy tales, a big, ugly, often stupid creature that lives in caves, mountains or under bridges.
The tree, 18 words case amod compound punct det amod punct conj punct advmod amod nmod nsubj acl:relcl case obl punct conj cc case conj punct root In ADP Scandinavian ADJ fairy NOUN tales NOUN , PUNCT a DET big ADJ , PUNCT ugly ADJ , PUNCT often ADV stupid ADJ creature NOUN that PRON lives VERB in ADP caves NOUN , PUNCT mountains NOUN or CCONJ under ADP bridges NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 tales case 2 Scandinavian scandinavian ADJ Degree=Pos 4 tales amod 3 fairy fairy NOUN Number=Sing 4 tales compound 4 tales tale NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 13 creature punct 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 creature det 7 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 13 creature amod 8 , , PUNCT _ 9 ugly punct 9 ugly ugly ADJ Degree=Pos 7 big conj 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 creature punct 11 often often ADV _ 12 stupid advmod 12 stupid stupid ADJ Degree=Pos 13 creature amod 13 creature creature NOUN Number=Sing 4 tales nmod 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 15 lives nsubj 15 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 creature acl:relcl 16 in in ADP _ 17 caves case 17 caves cave NOUN Number=Plur 15 lives obl 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 mountains punct 19 mountains mountain NOUN Number=Plur 17 caves conj 20 or or CCONJ _ 22 bridges cc 21 under under ADP _ 22 bridges case 22 bridges bridge NOUN Number=Plur 17 caves conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 4 tales punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present a big stupid creature caves and mountains or bridges vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cave=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: internet slang — kept apart, not parsed.
A person who posts nasty or silly messages online on purpose to upset people or start arguments.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj acl:relcl amod cc conj obj advmod case obl mark advcl obj cc conj obj punct root A DET person NOUN who PRON posts VERB nasty ADJ or CCONJ silly ADJ messages NOUN online ADV on ADP purpose NOUN to PART upset VERB people NOUN or CCONJ start VERB arguments NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 person det 2 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 who who PRON PronType=Rel 4 posts nsubj 4 posts post VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 person acl:relcl 5 nasty nasty ADJ Degree=Pos 8 messages amod 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 silly cc 7 silly silly ADJ Degree=Pos 5 nasty conj 8 messages message NOUN Number=Plur 4 posts obj 9 online online ADV _ 4 posts advmod 10 on on ADP _ 11 purpose case 11 purpose purpose NOUN Number=Sing 4 posts obl 12 to to PART _ 13 upset mark 13 upset upset VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 posts advcl 14 people people NOUN Number=Plur 13 upset obj 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 start cc 16 start start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 upset conj 17 arguments argument NOUN Number=Plur 16 start obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 post present a person nasty messages purpose online property vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme 2 upset to-infinitive a person not said here people vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus people=Experiencer 3 start present a person not said here arguments vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent argument=Eventuality
Meaning 3 Usage: verb, slang — kept apart, not parsed.
To troll is to post such messages, or to tease someone by pretending.
The tree, 13 words mark csubj cop mark amod obj punct cc mark conj obj mark advcl punct root To PART troll VERB is AUX to PART post VERB such ADJ messages NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART tease VERB someone PRON by SCONJ pretending VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 troll mark 2 troll troll VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 post csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 post cop 4 to to PART _ 5 post mark 5 post post VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 such such ADJ Degree=Pos 7 messages amod 7 messages message NOUN Number=Plur 5 post obj 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 tease punct 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 tease cc 10 to to PART _ 11 tease mark 11 tease tease VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 post conj 12 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 tease obj 13 by by SCONJ _ 14 pretending mark 14 pretending pretend VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 tease advcl 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 post punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 troll to-infinitive vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent 2 is present post property tree rules 3 tease to-infinitive someone vn bully-59.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient 4 pretend gerund tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.
To fish by pulling a baited line slowly behind a boat.
mark mark advcl det amod obj advmod case det obl punct root To PART fish VERB by SCONJ pulling VERB a DET baited VERB line NOUN slowly ADV behind ADP a DET boat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 fish mark 2 fish fish VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 by by SCONJ _ 4 pulling mark 4 pulling pull VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 fish advcl 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 line det 6 baited bait VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 line amod 7 line line NOUN Number=Sing 4 pulling obj 8 slowly slowly ADV _ 4 pulling advmod 9 behind behind ADP _ 11 boat case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 boat det 11 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 4 pulling obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 fish punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fish to-infinitive vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 pull gerund a baited line a boat slowly property vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Theme 3 bait participle vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The troll lived under the bridge and roared at the goats.
det nsubj case det obl cc conj case det obl punct root The DET troll NOUN lived VERB under ADP the DET bridge NOUN and CCONJ roared VERB at ADP the DET goats NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 troll det 2 troll troll NOUN Number=Sing 3 lived nsubj 3 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 under under ADP _ 6 bridge case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bridge det 6 bridge bridge NOUN Number=Sing 3 lived obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 roared cc 8 roared roar VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 lived conj 9 at at ADP _ 11 goats case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 goats det 11 goats goat NOUN Number=Plur 8 roared obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 lived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live past the troll the bridge vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under bridge=Location 2 roar past the troll not said here at the goats vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at goat=Location
Example 2 In Norwegian tales, trolls turn to stone in sunlight.
case amod obl punct nsubj case obl case obl punct root In ADP Norwegian ADJ tales NOUN , PUNCT trolls NOUN turn VERB to ADP stone NOUN in ADP sunlight NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 tales case 2 Norwegian Norwegian ADJ Degree=Pos 3 tales amod 3 tales tale NOUN Number=Plur 6 turn obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 tales punct 5 trolls troll NOUN Number=Plur 6 turn nsubj 6 turn turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 to to ADP _ 8 stone case 8 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 6 turn obl 9 in in ADP _ 10 sunlight case 10 sunlight sunlight NOUN Number=Sing 6 turn obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 turn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn present trolls Norwegian tales to stone; in sunlight vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme in tale=Source to stone=Trajectory in sunlight=Destination
Example 3 Someone was a troll and wrote mean comments on her video.
nsubj cop det cc conj amod obj case nmod:poss obl punct root Someone PRON was AUX a DET troll NOUN and CCONJ wrote VERB mean ADJ comments NOUN on ADP her PRON video NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 troll nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 troll cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 troll det 4 troll troll NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 wrote cc 6 wrote write VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 troll conj 7 mean mean ADJ Degree=Pos 8 comments amod 8 comments comment NOUN Number=Plur 6 wrote obj 9 on on ADP _ 11 video case 10 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 video nmod:poss 11 video video NOUN Number=Sing 6 wrote obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 troll punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Someone a troll tree rules 2 write past Someone not said here mean comments her video vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent comment=Theme on video=Destination
Example 4 Don't feed the trolls; block them and tell a grown-up.
The tree, 12 words aux advmod det obj punct conj obj cc conj det compound punct obj punct root Do AUX n't PART feed VERB the DET trolls NOUN ; PUNCT block VERB them PRON and CCONJ tell VERB a DET grown NOUN - PUNCT up NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 feed aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 feed advmod 3 feed feed VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 trolls det 5 trolls troll NOUN Number=Plur 3 feed obj 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 block punct 7 block block VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 feed conj 8 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 block obj 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 tell cc 10 tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 7 block conj 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 up det 12 grown grown NOUN Number=Sing 14 up compound 13 - - PUNCT _ 14 up punct 14 up up NOUN Number=Sing 10 tell obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 feed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not feed imperative · do-support you not said here the trolls vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent troll=Recipient 2 block infinitive you not said here trolls = troll vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer they=Theme 3 tell speech: assert infinitive you not said here a grown up vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent up=Recipient
Example 5 My brother was just trolling me when he said school was cancelled.
nmod:poss nsubj aux advmod obj advmod nsubj advcl nsubj:pass aux:pass ccomp punct root My PRON brother NOUN was AUX just ADV trolling VERB me PRON when ADV he PRON said VERB school NOUN was AUX cancelled VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 brother nmod:poss 2 brother brother NOUN Number=Sing 5 trolling nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 trolling aux 4 just just ADV _ 5 trolling advmod 5 trolling troll VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 5 trolling obj 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 said advmod 8 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 said nsubj 9 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 trolling advcl 10 school school NOUN Number=Sing 12 cancelled nsubj:pass 11 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 cancelled aux:pass 12 cancelled cancel VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 said ccomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 trolling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 troll past · progressive My brother me vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent i=Location 2 say speech: assert past brother vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 cancel past · passive school tree rules
Example 6 Grandpa trolled for fish from the back of the boat.
acl case obl case det obl case det nmod punct root Grandpa NOUN trolled VERB for ADP fish NOUN from ADP the DET back NOUN of ADP the DET boat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandpa grandpa NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 trolled troll VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Grandpa acl 3 for for ADP _ 4 fish case 4 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 2 trolled obl 5 from from ADP _ 7 back case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 back det 7 back back NOUN Number=Sing 2 trolled obl 8 of of ADP _ 10 boat case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 boat det 10 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 7 back nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Grandpa punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 troll participle Grandpa not said here the back of the boat for fish vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for fish=Theme
Example 7 ‘Can you fight?’ roared the Troll.
punct aux nsubj ccomp punct punct det obj punct root ‘ PUNCT Can AUX you PRON fight VERB ? PUNCT ’ PUNCT roared VERB the DET Troll NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 4 fight punct 2 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 fight aux 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 fight nsubj 4 fight fight VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 roared ccomp 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 fight punct 6 ’ ' PUNCT _ 4 fight punct 7 roared roar VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 Troll det 9 Troll troll NOUN Number=Sing 7 roared obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 roared punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fight can you vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 roar past the Troll tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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