turn Who acts: wheel, turn, leaves, she, player, Tom · What happens: turn, mean, move, change, be, do · To what, where: centre, direction, chance, something, game, turn · Speech: someone speaks here
«turn» in the school dictionary: its 7 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: turn in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To turn means to move around a centre: the wheel turns.
mark csubj mark xcomp case det obl punct det nsubj parataxis punct root To PART turn VERB means VERB to PART move VERB around ADP a DET centre NOUN : PUNCT the DET wheel NOUN turns VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 turn mark 2 turn turn VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 move mark 5 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 around around ADP _ 8 centre case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 centre det 8 centre centre NOUN Number=Sing 5 move obl 9 : : PUNCT _ 12 turns punct 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 wheel det 11 wheel wheel NOUN Number=Sing 12 turns nsubj 12 turns turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 means parataxis 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn to-infinitive vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 move not said to happen to-infinitive a centre vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme around centre=Trajectory 4 turn present the wheel vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To turn means to change direction: turn left.
mark csubj mark xcomp obj punct conj advmod punct root To PART turn VERB means VERB to PART change VERB direction NOUN : PUNCT turn VERB left ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 turn mark 2 turn turn VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 change mark 5 change change VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 direction direction NOUN Number=Sing 5 change obj 7 : : PUNCT _ 8 turn punct 8 turn turn VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 change conj 9 left left ADV _ 8 turn advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn to-infinitive vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 change not said to happen to-infinitive direction vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent direction=Patient 4 turn infinitive left property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 A turn is your chance to do something in a game or in order: it's your turn.
The tree, 18 words det nsubj cop nmod:poss mark acl obj case det obl cc case conj punct nsubj cop nmod:poss conj punct root A DET turn NOUN is AUX your PRON chance NOUN to PART do VERB something PRON in ADP a DET game NOUN or CCONJ in ADP order NOUN : PUNCT it PRON 's AUX your PRON turn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 turn det 2 turn turn NOUN Number=Sing 5 chance nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 chance cop 4 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 chance nmod:poss 5 chance chance NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 to to PART _ 7 do mark 7 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 chance acl 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 do obj 9 in in ADP _ 11 game case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 game det 11 game game NOUN Number=Sing 7 do obl 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 order cc 13 in in ADP _ 14 order case 14 order order NOUN Number=Sing 11 game conj 15 : : PUNCT _ 19 turn punct 16 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 turn nsubj 17 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 turn cop 18 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 19 turn nmod:poss 19 turn turn NOUN Number=Sing 5 chance conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 5 chance punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a turn your chance and your turn tree rules 2 do to-infinitive something a game or order vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 3 is a present turn your turn tree rules
Meaning 4 To turn means to become: the leaves turn red; she turned 9 (became 9 years old).
The tree, 16 words mark csubj mark xcomp punct det nsubj conj xcomp punct nsubj parataxis obj punct conj nummod obl:unmarked xcomp punct punct root To PART turn VERB means VERB to PART become VERB : PUNCT the DET leaves NOUN turn VERB red ADJ ; PUNCT she PRON turned VERB 9 NUM ( PUNCT became VERB 9 NUM years NOUN old ADJ ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 turn mark 2 turn turn VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 become mark 5 become become VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 : : PUNCT _ 9 turn punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 leaves det 8 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 9 turn nsubj 9 turn turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 means conj 10 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 9 turn xcomp 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 13 turned punct 12 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 turned nsubj 13 turned turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 means parataxis 14 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 13 turned obj 15 ( ( PUNCT _ 16 became punct 16 became become VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 turned conj 17 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 18 years nummod 18 years year NOUN Number=Plur 19 old obl:unmarked 19 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 16 became xcomp 20 ) ) PUNCT _ 16 became punct 21 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn to-infinitive vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 become not said to happen to-infinitive vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient 4 turn present the leaves red property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 5 turn past she 9 vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent 9=Theme 6 become past she not said here old property vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
Meaning 5 To turn a page is to move it to see the next one.
mark advcl det obj cop mark obj mark advcl det amod obj punct root To PART turn VERB a DET page NOUN is AUX to PART move VERB it PRON to PART see VERB the DET next ADJ one NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 turn mark 2 turn turn VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 move advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 page det 4 page page NOUN Number=Sing 2 turn obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 move cop 6 to to PART _ 7 move mark 7 move move VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 move obj 9 to to PART _ 10 see mark 10 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 move advcl 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 one det 12 next next ADJ Degree=Pos 13 one amod 13 one one NOUN Number=Sing 10 see obj 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 move punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn to-infinitive a page vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent page=Theme 2 is present move property tree rules 3 see to-infinitive the next one vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus
Meaning 6 A turn is a movement around: a quarter turn, a half turn, a full turn.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det advmod punct det compound appos punct det compound conj punct det amod conj punct root A DET turn NOUN is AUX a DET movement NOUN around ADV : PUNCT a DET quarter NOUN turn NOUN , PUNCT a DET half NOUN turn NOUN , PUNCT a DET full ADJ turn NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 turn det 2 turn turn NOUN Number=Sing 5 movement nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 movement cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 movement det 5 movement movement NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 around around ADV _ 5 movement advmod 7 : : PUNCT _ 10 turn punct 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 turn det 9 quarter quarter NOUN Number=Sing 10 turn compound 10 turn turn NOUN Number=Sing 5 movement appos 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 turn punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 turn det 13 half half NOUN Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac 14 turn compound 14 turn turn NOUN Number=Sing 10 turn conj 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 turn punct 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 turn det 17 full full ADJ Degree=Pos 18 turn amod 18 turn turn NOUN Number=Sing 10 turn conj 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 movement punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a turn a movement around property tree rules
Meaning 7 To turn something on means to switch it on, like a light or a machine.
The tree, 15 words mark csubj obj case mark xcomp obj compound:prt punct case det obl cc det conj punct root To PART turn VERB something PRON on ADP means VERB to PART switch VERB it PRON on ADP , PUNCT like ADP a DET light NOUN or CCONJ a DET machine NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 turn mark 2 turn turn VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 means csubj 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 turn obj 4 on on ADP _ 5 means case 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 7 switch mark 7 switch switch VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means xcomp 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 switch obj 9 on on ADP _ 7 switch compound:prt 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 light punct 11 like like ADP _ 13 light case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 light det 13 light light NOUN Number=Sing 7 switch obl 14 or or CCONJ _ 16 machine cc 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 machine det 16 machine machine NOUN Number=Sing 13 light conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn to-infinitive something vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 switch on not said to happen to-infinitive it like a light or a machine vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
Example 1 Each player has 3 turns.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET player NOUN has VERB 3 NUM turns NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 player det 2 player player NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 turns nummod 5 turns turn NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present each player 3 turns vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent turn=Patient
Example 2 She turned 20 pages.
nsubj nummod obj punct root She PRON turned VERB 20 NUM pages NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 turned nsubj 2 turned turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 pages nummod 4 pages page NOUN Number=Plur 2 turned obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 turned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn past She 20 pages vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent page=Theme
Example 3 The wheel makes 10 turns a minute.
det nsubj obj conj det obl:unmarked punct root The DET wheel NOUN makes VERB 10 NUM turns VERB a DET minute NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 wheel det 2 wheel wheel NOUN Number=Sing 3 makes nsubj 3 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 makes obj 5 turns turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 makes conj 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 minute det 7 minute minute NOUN Number=Sing 5 turns obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 makes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present the wheel 10 vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 10=Product 2 turn present the wheel not said here minute vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Tom turned 9 last week.
nsubj nummod amod obl:unmarked punct root Tom PROPN turned VERB 9 NUM last ADJ week NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tom Tom PROPN Number=Sing 2 turned nsubj 2 turned turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 week nummod 4 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 5 week amod 5 week week NOUN Number=Sing 2 turned obl:unmarked 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 turned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn past Tom week vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 A quarter turn is a right angle.
det compound nsubj cop det amod punct root A DET quarter NOUN turn NOUN is AUX a DET right ADJ angle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 turn det 2 quarter quarter NOUN Number=Sing 3 turn compound 3 turn turn NOUN Number=Sing 7 angle nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 angle cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 angle det 6 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 7 angle amod 7 angle angle NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 angle punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a quarter turn a right angle tree rules
Example 6 Take turns on the swing.
obj case det obl punct root Take VERB turns NOUN on ADP the DET swing NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Take take VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 turns turn NOUN Number=Plur 1 Take obj 3 on on ADP _ 5 swing case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 swing det 5 swing swing NOUN Number=Sing 1 Take obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Take punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take imperative you not said here turns the swing vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent turn=Theme on swing=Destination
Example 7 Turn left at the corner.
advmod case det obl punct root Turn VERB left ADV at ADP the DET corner NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Turn turn VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 left left ADV _ 1 Turn advmod 3 at at ADP _ 5 corner case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 corner det 5 corner corner NOUN Number=Sing 1 Turn obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Turn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn imperative you not said here the corner left property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme at corner=Trajectory
Example 8 Please turn off the lights when you leave.
discourse compound:prt det obj mark nsubj advcl punct root Please INTJ turn VERB off ADP the DET lights NOUN when SCONJ you PRON leave VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 turn discourse 2 turn turn VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 off off ADP _ 2 turn compound:prt 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 lights det 5 lights light NOUN Number=Plur 2 turn obj 6 when when SCONJ _ 8 leave mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 leave nsubj 8 leave leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 turn advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 turn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn off imperative you not said here the lights vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent light=Patient 2 leave present you vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 9 In autumn the leaves turn orange.
case obl det nsubj xcomp punct root In ADP autumn NOUN the DET leaves NOUN turn VERB orange ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 autumn case 2 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 5 turn obl 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 leaves det 4 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 5 turn nsubj 5 turn turn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 orange orange ADJ Degree=Pos 5 turn xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 turn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 turn present the leaves autumn orange property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
Example 10 "Let's turn it on," she said.
punct obj xcomp obj compound:prt punct punct nsubj parataxis punct root " PUNCT Let VERB 's PRON turn VERB it PRON on ADP , PUNCT " PUNCT she PRON said VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 Let punct 2 Let let VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 's we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 Let obj 4 turn turn VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 Let xcomp 5 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 turn obj 6 on on ADP _ 4 turn compound:prt 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 said punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 10 said punct 9 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 said nsubj 10 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 turn parataxis 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 Let punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let in a quote imperative you not said here 's tree rules 2 turn on in a quote infinitive 's not said here it tree rules 3 say speech: assert past she vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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