turning
Who acts: road, act, you · What happens: change, turn, have, take · To what, where: direction, something, many turnings, second turning, left
«turning» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: turning in the school dictionary.
Meaning 1
A bend or corner where a road or path changes direction.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 bend | det |
| 2 | bend | bend | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 4 corner | cc |
| 4 | corner | corner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 bend | conj |
| 5 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 10 changes | advmod |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 road | det |
| 7 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 changes | nsubj |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 path | cc |
| 9 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 road | conj |
| 10 | changes | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 corner | acl:relcl |
| 11 | direction | direction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 changes | obj |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 bend | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | present | a road or path | direction | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent direction=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2
The act of turning something round.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 act | det |
| 2 | act | act | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 4 turning | mark |
| 4 | turning | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 act | acl |
| 5 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 4 turning | obj |
| 6 | round | round | ADV | _ | 4 turning | advmod |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 act | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | gerund | the act not said here | something | round property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
Example 1
The road had many turnings.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 road | det |
| 2 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 had | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 turnings | amod |
| 5 | turnings | turning | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 had | obj |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 had | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | the road | many turnings | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent turning=Patient |
Example 2
Take the second turning on the left.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Take | take | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 turning | det |
| 3 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 4 turning | amod |
| 4 | turning | turning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Take | obj |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 left | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 left | det |
| 7 | left | left | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Take | obl |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Take | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | imperative | you not said here | the second turning | the left | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent turning=Theme on left=Destination |
Example 3
The path wound through turnings and bends.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 wound | det |
| 2 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 wound | compound |
| 3 | wound | wound | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | through | through | ADP | _ | 5 turnings | case |
| 5 | turnings | turning | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 wound | nmod |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 bends | cc |
| 7 | bends | bend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 turnings | conj |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 wound | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/T/turning/