valley Who acts: valley, river, town, Glaciers, we, Fog · What happens: be, run, mean, carve out, shape, see · To what, where: low area, valley, low point, bottom, shaped valley, whole valley · Speech: someone speaks here
«valley» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: valley in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A valley is a low area of land between hills or mountains, often with a river running through it.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det amod case nmod case nmod cc conj punct advmod case det conj acl case obl punct root A DET valley NOUN is AUX a DET low ADJ area NOUN of ADP land NOUN between ADP hills NOUN or CCONJ mountains NOUN , PUNCT often ADV with ADP a DET river NOUN running VERB through ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 valley det 2 valley valley NOUN Number=Sing 6 area nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 area cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 area det 5 low low ADJ Degree=Pos 6 area amod 6 area area NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 land case 8 land land NOUN Number=Sing 6 area nmod 9 between between ADP _ 10 hills case 10 hills hill NOUN Number=Plur 8 land nmod 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 mountains cc 12 mountains mountain NOUN Number=Plur 10 hills conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 river punct 14 often often ADV _ 17 river advmod 15 with with ADP _ 17 river case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 river det 17 river river NOUN Number=Sing 6 area conj 18 running run VERB VerbForm=Ger 17 river acl 19 through through ADP _ 20 it case 20 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 running obl 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 area punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a valley a low area and a river of land between hills or mountains tree rules 2 run gerund a river not said here valley vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through it=Trajectory
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A valley can also mean a low point between two high points, like on a graph or a wave.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj aux advmod det amod obj case nummod amod nmod punct case case det parataxis cc det conj punct root A DET valley NOUN can AUX also ADV mean VERB a DET low ADJ point NOUN between ADP two NUM high ADJ points NOUN , PUNCT like ADP on ADP a DET graph NOUN or CCONJ a DET wave NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 valley det 2 valley valley NOUN Number=Sing 5 mean nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 mean aux 4 also also ADV _ 5 mean advmod 5 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 point det 7 low low ADJ Degree=Pos 8 point amod 8 point point NOUN Number=Sing 5 mean obj 9 between between ADP _ 12 points case 10 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 12 points nummod 11 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 12 points amod 12 points point NOUN Number=Plur 8 point nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 graph punct 14 like like ADP _ 17 graph case 15 on on ADP _ 17 graph case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 graph det 17 graph graph NOUN Number=Sing 5 mean parataxis 18 or or CCONJ _ 20 wave cc 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 wave det 20 wave wave NOUN Number=Sing 17 graph conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 5 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can a valley a low point between two high points vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent point=Topic
Example 1 Our town is in a valley between two hills.
nmod:poss nsubj cop case det case nummod nmod punct root Our PRON town NOUN is AUX in ADP a DET valley NOUN between ADP two NUM hills NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 town nmod:poss 2 town town NOUN Number=Sing 6 valley nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 valley cop 4 in in ADP _ 6 valley case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 valley det 6 valley valley NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 between between ADP _ 9 hills case 8 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 hills nummod 9 hills hill NOUN Number=Plur 6 valley nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 valley punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Our town a valley between two hills tree rules
Example 2 The river runs along the bottom of the valley.
det nsubj case det obl case det nmod punct root The DET river NOUN runs VERB along ADP the DET bottom NOUN of ADP the DET valley NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 river det 2 river river NOUN Number=Sing 3 runs nsubj 3 runs run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 along along ADP _ 6 bottom case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bottom det 6 bottom bottom NOUN Number=Sing 3 runs obl 7 of of ADP _ 9 valley case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 valley det 9 valley valley NOUN Number=Sing 6 bottom nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 runs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run present the river the bottom of the valley vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along bottom=Trajectory
Example 3 Glaciers carved out a U-shaped valley.
acl compound:prt det compound punct amod obl punct root Glaciers NOUN carved VERB out ADP a DET U PROPN - PUNCT shaped VERB valley NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Glaciers glacier NOUN Number=Plur root root 2 carved carve VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Glaciers acl 3 out out ADP _ 2 carved compound:prt 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 valley det 5 U U PROPN Number=Sing 7 shaped compound 6 - - PUNCT _ 5 U punct 7 shaped shape VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 valley amod 8 valley valley NOUN Number=Sing 2 carved obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Glaciers punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 carve out participle Glaciers not said here a shaped valley vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 shape participle vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
Example 4 From the top of the hill we could see the whole valley.
case det obl case det nmod nsubj aux det amod obj punct root From ADP the DET top NOUN of ADP the DET hill NOUN we PRON could AUX see VERB the DET whole ADJ valley NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 From from ADP _ 3 top case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 top det 3 top top NOUN Number=Sing 9 see obl 4 of of ADP _ 6 hill case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 hill det 6 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 3 top nmod 7 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 see nsubj 8 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 see aux 9 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 valley det 11 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 12 valley amod 12 valley valley NOUN Number=Sing 9 see obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 see punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see could we the whole valley the top of the hill vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer valley=Stimulus
Example 5 Fog filled the valley in the early morning.
nsubj det obj case det amod obl punct root Fog NOUN filled VERB the DET valley NOUN in ADP the DET early ADJ morning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fog fog NOUN Number=Sing 2 filled nsubj 2 filled fill VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 valley det 4 valley valley NOUN Number=Sing 2 filled obj 5 in in ADP _ 8 morning case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 morning det 7 early early ADJ Degree=Pos 8 morning amod 8 morning morning NOUN Number=Sing 2 filled obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 filled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fill past Fog the valley morning vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent valley=Patient
Example 6 Farmers grow crops on the flat valley floor.
nsubj obj case det amod compound obl punct root Farmers NOUN grow VERB crops NOUN on ADP the DET flat ADJ valley NOUN floor NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Farmers farmer NOUN Number=Plur 2 grow nsubj 2 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 crops crop NOUN Number=Plur 2 grow obj 4 on on ADP _ 8 floor case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 floor det 6 flat flat ADJ Degree=Pos 8 floor amod 7 valley valley NOUN Number=Sing 8 floor compound 8 floor floor NOUN Number=Sing 2 grow obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Farmers crops the flat valley floor vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location crop=Theme
Example 7 Death Valley is one of the hottest places on Earth.
compound nsubj cop case det amod nmod case nmod punct root Death PROPN Valley PROPN is AUX one NUM of ADP the DET hottest ADJ places NOUN on ADP Earth PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Death Death PROPN Number=Sing 2 Valley compound 2 Valley Valley PROPN Number=Sing 4 one nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 one cop 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 5 of of ADP _ 8 places case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 places det 7 hottest hot ADJ Degree=Sup 8 places amod 8 places place NOUN Number=Plur 4 one nmod 9 on on ADP _ 10 Earth case 10 Earth Earth PROPN Number=Sing 8 places nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Death Valley one of the hottest places on Earth tree rules
Example 8 The road winds down into the valley.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET road NOUN winds VERB down ADV into ADP the DET valley NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 road det 2 road road NOUN Number=Sing 3 winds nsubj 3 winds wind VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 down down ADV _ 3 winds advmod 5 into into ADP _ 7 valley case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 valley det 7 valley valley NOUN Number=Sing 3 winds obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 winds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wind down present the road the valley down property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into valley=Trajectory
Example 9 "There goes another avalanche," said those in the valley beneath.
punct expl det obj punct punct parataxis obj case det nmod advmod punct root " PUNCT There PRON goes VERB another DET avalanche NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB those PRON in ADP the DET valley NOUN beneath ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 3 goes punct 2 There there PRON PronType=Dem 3 goes expl 3 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 another another DET PronType=Ind 5 avalanche det 5 avalanche avalanche NOUN Number=Sing 3 goes obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 3 goes punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 3 goes punct 8 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 goes parataxis 9 those that PRON Number=Plur PronType=Dem 8 said obj 10 in in ADP _ 12 valley case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 valley det 12 valley valley NOUN Number=Sing 9 those nmod 13 beneath beneath ADV _ 9 those advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 goes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go in a quote present another avalanche there tree rules 2 say speech: assert past those the valley vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent that=Theme in valley=Manner
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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