vertebra Who acts: vertebra, vertebrae, bundle, many small bones, giraffe, doctor · What happens: be, link, make, protect, carry, call · To what, where: one, small bones, backbone, spinal cord, messages, spine · Speech: someone speaks here
«vertebra» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: vertebra in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A vertebra is one of the small bones that are linked together to make the backbone (spine).
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop case det amod nmod nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl advmod mark advcl det obj punct appos punct punct root A DET vertebra NOUN is AUX one NUM of ADP the DET small ADJ bones NOUN that PRON are AUX linked VERB together ADV to PART make VERB the DET backbone NOUN ( PUNCT spine NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 vertebra det 2 vertebra vertebra NOUN Number=Sing 4 one nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 one cop 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 5 of of ADP _ 8 bones case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 bones det 7 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 8 bones amod 8 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 4 one nmod 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 linked nsubj:pass 10 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 linked aux:pass 11 linked link VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 bones acl:relcl 12 together together ADV _ 11 linked advmod 13 to to PART _ 14 make mark 14 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 linked advcl 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 backbone det 16 backbone backbone NOUN Number=Sing 14 make obj 17 ( ( PUNCT _ 18 spine punct 18 spine spine NOUN Number=Sing 16 backbone appos 19 ) ) PUNCT _ 18 spine punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 4 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a vertebra one of the small bones tree rules 2 link present · passive the small bones together property vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient 3 make to-infinitive the backbone vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset backbone=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The vertebrae protect the spinal cord, the bundle of nerves that carries messages between the brain and the body.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj det amod obj punct det appos case nmod nsubj acl:relcl obj case det obl cc det conj punct root The DET vertebrae NOUN protect VERB the DET spinal ADJ cord NOUN , PUNCT the DET bundle NOUN of ADP nerves NOUN that PRON carries VERB messages NOUN between ADP the DET brain NOUN and CCONJ the DET body NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 vertebrae det 2 vertebrae vertebra NOUN Number=Plur 3 protect nsubj 3 protect protect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 cord det 5 spinal spinal ADJ Degree=Pos 6 cord amod 6 cord cord NOUN Number=Sing 3 protect obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 bundle punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 bundle det 9 bundle bundle NOUN Number=Sing 6 cord appos 10 of of ADP _ 11 nerves case 11 nerves nerve NOUN Number=Plur 9 bundle nmod 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 carries nsubj 13 carries carry VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 bundle acl:relcl 14 messages message NOUN Number=Plur 13 carries obj 15 between between ADP _ 17 brain case 16 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 17 brain det 17 brain brain NOUN Number=Sing 13 carries obl 18 and and CCONJ _ 20 body cc 19 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 body det 20 body body NOUN Number=Sing 17 brain conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 3 protect punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 protect present the vertebrae the spinal cord vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cord=Beneficiary 2 carry present the bundle of nerves messages between the brain and the body vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme
Example 1 The spine is made of many small bones, each called a vertebra.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case amod amod obl punct nsubj:pass acl det xcomp punct root The DET spine NOUN is AUX made VERB of ADP many ADJ small ADJ bones NOUN , PUNCT each DET called VERB a DET vertebra NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 spine det 2 spine spine NOUN Number=Sing 4 made nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 made aux:pass 4 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 of of ADP _ 8 bones case 6 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 8 bones amod 7 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 8 bones amod 8 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 4 made obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 called punct 10 each each DET PronType=Tot 11 called nsubj:pass 11 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 bones acl 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 vertebra det 13 vertebra vertebra NOUN Number=Sing 11 called xcomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · passive the spine of many small bones vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product 2 call participle · passive many small bones not said here each vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 2 A giraffe has seven vertebrae in its neck — the same number as a human.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj nummod obj case nmod:poss nmod punct det amod appos case det nmod punct root A DET giraffe NOUN has VERB seven NUM vertebrae NOUN in ADP its PRON neck NOUN — PUNCT the DET same ADJ number NOUN as ADP a DET human NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 giraffe det 2 giraffe giraffe NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 seven seven NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 vertebrae nummod 5 vertebrae vertebra NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 neck case 7 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 neck nmod:poss 8 neck neck NOUN Number=Sing 5 vertebrae nmod 9 — - PUNCT _ 12 number punct 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 number det 11 same same ADJ Degree=Pos 12 number amod 12 number number NOUN Number=Sing 5 vertebrae appos 13 as as ADP _ 15 human case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 human det 15 human human NOUN Number=Sing 12 number nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a giraffe seven vertebrae giraffe's neck vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vertebra=Patient
Example 3 The doctor said he had cracked a vertebra in the fall.
det nsubj nsubj aux ccomp det obj case det obl punct root The DET doctor NOUN said VERB he PRON had AUX cracked VERB a DET vertebra NOUN in ADP the DET fall NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 doctor det 2 doctor doctor NOUN Number=Sing 3 said nsubj 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 cracked nsubj 5 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 cracked aux 6 cracked crack VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 3 said ccomp 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 vertebra det 8 vertebra vertebra NOUN Number=Sing 6 cracked obj 9 in in ADP _ 11 fall case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 fall det 11 fall fall NOUN Number=Sing 6 cracked obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the doctor vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 crack past · perfect doctor a vertebra the fall vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location vertebra=Theme
Example 4 Snakes have hundreds of vertebrae.
nsubj obj case nmod punct root Snakes NOUN have VERB hundreds NOUN of ADP vertebrae NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Snakes snake NOUN Number=Plur 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 hundreds hundred NOUN Number=Plur 2 have obj 4 of of ADP _ 5 vertebrae case 5 vertebrae vertebra NOUN Number=Plur 3 hundreds nmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Snakes hundreds of vertebrae vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hundred=Patient
Example 5 Fish are vertebrates because they have a backbone of vertebrae.
nsubj cop mark nsubj acl det obj case nmod punct root Fish NOUN are AUX vertebrates NOUN because SCONJ they PRON have VERB a DET backbone NOUN of ADP vertebrae NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 3 vertebrates nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 vertebrates cop 3 vertebrates vertebrate NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 because because SCONJ _ 6 have mark 5 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 have nsubj 6 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 vertebrates acl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 backbone det 8 backbone backbone NOUN Number=Sing 6 have obj 9 of of ADP _ 10 vertebrae case 10 vertebrae vertebra NOUN Number=Plur 8 backbone nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 vertebrates punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Fish vertebrates tree rules 2 have present Fish a backbone of vertebrae vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent backbone=Patient
Example 6 We felt the bumps of our vertebrae down our backs.
nsubj det obj case nmod:poss nmod advmod nmod:poss conj punct root We PRON felt VERB the DET bumps NOUN of ADP our PRON vertebrae NOUN down ADV our PRON backs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 felt nsubj 2 felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 bumps det 4 bumps bump NOUN Number=Plur 2 felt obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 vertebrae case 6 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 vertebrae nmod:poss 7 vertebrae vertebra NOUN Number=Plur 4 bumps nmod 8 down down ADV _ 10 backs advmod 9 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 backs nmod:poss 10 backs back NOUN Number=Plur 7 vertebrae conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 felt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel past We the bumps of our vertebrae and our backs vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bump=Theme 2 bump our vertebrae and our backs nom bump «state transitive»: of=patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous verstnext → vertebrate↑ back to V in school dictionary This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/V/vertebra/