virus Who acts: virus, that, computer virus, harmful program, you, flu vaccine · What happens: be, see, get, make, spread, damage · To what, where: tiny germ, living cells, people, harmful program, computers, information
«virus» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: virus in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A virus is a tiny germ, much too small to see, that gets inside living cells and can make people, animals or plants ill.
The tree, 24 words det nsubj cop det amod punct advmod advmod amod mark advcl punct nsubj parataxis case amod obl cc aux conj obj punct conj cc conj xcomp punct root A DET virus NOUN is AUX a DET tiny ADJ germ NOUN , PUNCT much ADV too ADV small ADJ to PART see VERB , PUNCT that PRON gets VERB inside ADP living ADJ cells NOUN and CCONJ can AUX make VERB people NOUN , PUNCT animals NOUN or CCONJ plants NOUN ill ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 virus det 2 virus virus NOUN Number=Sing 6 germ nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 germ cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 germ det 5 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 6 germ amod 6 germ germ NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 small punct 8 much much ADV _ 10 small advmod 9 too too ADV _ 10 small advmod 10 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 germ amod 11 to to PART _ 12 see mark 12 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 small advcl 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 gets punct 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 15 gets nsubj 15 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 germ parataxis 16 inside inside ADP _ 18 cells case 17 living living ADJ Degree=Pos 18 cells amod 18 cells cell NOUN Number=Plur 15 gets obl 19 and and CCONJ _ 21 make cc 20 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 21 make aux 21 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 gets conj 22 people people NOUN Number=Plur 21 make obj 23 , , PUNCT _ 24 animals punct 24 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 22 people conj 25 or or CCONJ _ 26 plants cc 26 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 22 people conj 27 ill ill ADJ Degree=Pos 21 make xcomp 28 . . PUNCT _ 6 germ punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a virus a tiny germ tree rules 2 see to-infinitive a virus not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 3 get present that living cells vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 4 make can that not said here people and animals or plants ill property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset people=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A computer virus is a harmful program that spreads between computers and damages them or steals information.
The tree, 17 words det compound nsubj cop det amod nsubj acl:relcl case obl cc conj obj cc conj obj punct root A DET computer NOUN virus NOUN is AUX a DET harmful ADJ program NOUN that PRON spreads VERB between ADP computers NOUN and CCONJ damages VERB them PRON or CCONJ steals VERB information NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 virus det 2 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 3 virus compound 3 virus virus NOUN Number=Sing 7 program nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 program cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 program det 6 harmful harmful ADJ Degree=Pos 7 program amod 7 program program NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 9 spreads nsubj 9 spreads spread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 program acl:relcl 10 between between ADP _ 11 computers case 11 computers computer NOUN Number=Plur 9 spreads obl 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 damages cc 13 damages damage VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 spreads conj 14 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 damages obj 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 steals cc 16 steals steal VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 spreads conj 17 information information NOUN Number=Sing 16 steals obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 7 program punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a computer virus a harmful program tree rules 2 spread present a harmful program computers vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between computer=Location 3 damage present a harmful program not said here computers = computer vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient 4 steal present a harmful program not said here information vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location information=Theme
Example 1 A cold is caused by a virus.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root A DET cold NOUN is AUX caused VERB by ADP a DET virus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 cold det 2 cold cold NOUN Number=Sing 4 caused nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 caused aux:pass 4 caused cause VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 7 virus case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 virus det 7 virus virus NOUN Number=Sing 4 caused obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 caused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause present · passive a virus a cold vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient
Example 2 Wash your hands to stop viruses spreading.
nmod:poss obj mark advcl obj xcomp punct root Wash VERB your PRON hands NOUN to PART stop VERB viruses NOUN spreading VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wash wash VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 hands nmod:poss 3 hands hand NOUN Number=Plur 1 Wash obj 4 to to PART _ 5 stop mark 5 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Wash advcl 6 viruses virus NOUN Number=Plur 5 stop obj 7 spreading spread VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 stop xcomp 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Wash punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 wash imperative you not said here your hands vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient 2 stop to-infinitive you not said here viruses tree rules 3 spread gerund you not said here vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 The flu vaccine protects you from the flu virus.
det compound nsubj obj case det compound obl punct root The DET flu NOUN vaccine NOUN protects VERB you PRON from ADP the DET flu NOUN virus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 vaccine det 2 flu flu NOUN Number=Sing 3 vaccine compound 3 vaccine vaccine NOUN Number=Sing 4 protects nsubj 4 protects protect VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 protects obj 6 from from ADP _ 9 virus case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 virus det 8 flu flu NOUN Number=Sing 9 virus compound 9 virus virus NOUN Number=Sing 4 protects obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 protects punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 protect present the flu vaccine you from the flu virus vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary from virus=Theme
Example 4 Viruses are much smaller than bacteria.
nsubj cop advmod case obl punct root Viruses NOUN are AUX much ADV smaller ADJ than ADP bacteria NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Viruses virus NOUN Number=Plur 4 smaller nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 smaller cop 3 much much ADV _ 4 smaller advmod 4 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 5 than than ADP _ 6 bacteria case 6 bacteria bacterium NOUN Number=Plur 4 smaller obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 smaller punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Viruses than bacteria; small property tree rules
Example 5 Antibiotics don't work against viruses.
nsubj aux advmod case obl punct root Antibiotics NOUN do AUX n't PART work VERB against ADP viruses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Antibiotics antibiotic NOUN Number=Plur 4 work nsubj 2 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 work aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 work advmod 4 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 against against ADP _ 6 viruses case 6 viruses virus NOUN Number=Plur 4 work obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 work punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not work present · do-support Antibiotics against viruses vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 The email had a virus, so Dad deleted it.
det nsubj det obj punct advmod nsubj conj obj punct root The DET email NOUN had VERB a DET virus NOUN , PUNCT so ADV Dad PROPN deleted VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 email det 2 email email NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 virus det 5 virus virus NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 deleted punct 7 so so ADV _ 9 deleted advmod 8 Dad Dad PROPN Number=Sing 9 deleted nsubj 9 deleted delete VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 had conj 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 deleted obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the email a virus vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent virus=Patient 2 delete past Dad virus vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Example 7 The virus spread quickly through the class.
det nsubj advmod case det obl punct root The DET virus NOUN spread VERB quickly ADV through ADP the DET class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 virus det 2 virus virus NOUN Number=Sing 3 spread nsubj 3 spread spread VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 quickly quickly ADV _ 3 spread advmod 5 through through ADP _ 7 class case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 class det 7 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 spread obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 spread punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spread past the virus the class quickly property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through class=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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