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winter

Who acts: Winter, It, Bears, you, days, Christmas · What happens: spend, be, snow, hibernate, wear, fly · To what, where: coldest season, Australia, warm clothes, Canada

«winter» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: winter in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

The coldest season of the year, between autumn (fall) and spring.

The tree, 11 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 season	det
2	coldest	cold	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 season	amod
3	season	season	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 year	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 year	det
6	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 season	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 autumn	punct
8	between	between	ADP	_	9 autumn	case
9	autumn	autumn	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 season	conj
10	(	(	PUNCT	_	11 fall	punct
11	fall	fall	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 autumn	appos
12	)	)	PUNCT	_	11 fall	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 spring	cc
14	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 autumn	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 season	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 2

As a verb, to spend the winter somewhere.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	As	as	ADP	_	3 verb	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 verb	det
3	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 spend	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 spend	punct
5	to	to	PART	_	6 spend	mark
6	spend	spend	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 winter	det
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 spend	obj
9	somewhere	somewhere	ADV	PronType=Ind	6 spend	advmod
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 spend	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spend	to-infinitive					winter	as a verb; somewhere property	vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as verb=Attribute

The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

"Birds winter in the south."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 winter	punct
2	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 winter	compound
3	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 south	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 south	det
6	south	south	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 winter	nmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 winter	punct
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 winter	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 1

Winter is the coldest season.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Winter	Winter	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 season	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 season	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 season	det
4	coldest	cold	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 season	amod
5	season	season	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 season	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Winter	the coldest season					tree rules

Example 2

It snows here in winter.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 snows	nsubj
2	snows	snow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	2 snows	advmod
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 winter	case
5	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 snows	obl
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 snows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	snow	present	It			here	winter		vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»

Example 3

Bears hibernate in winter.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hibernate	nsubj
2	hibernate	hibernate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 winter	case
4	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hibernate	obl
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 hibernate	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hibernate	present	Bears				winter		vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location

Example 4

In Australia, winter is in June, July and August.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 Australia	case
2	Australia	Australia	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 June	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Australia	punct
4	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 June	compound
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 June	cop
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 June	case
7	June	June	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 July	punct
9	July	July	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 June	appos
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 August	cc
11	August	August	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 June	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 June	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present				Australia		in winter June and August	tree rules

Example 5

Wear warm clothes in winter.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wear	wear	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 clothes	amod
3	clothes	clothes	NOUN	Number=Ptan	1 Wear	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 winter	case
5	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Wear	obl
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Wear	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wear	imperative	you not said here	warm clothes			winter		vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent clothes=Source

Example 6

The days are short in winter.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 days	det
2	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 short	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 short	cop
4	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 winter	case
6	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 short	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 short	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the days				winter	short property	tree rules

Example 7

Christmas is in winter in Canada, but in summer in New Zealand.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 winter	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 winter	cop
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 winter	case
4	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 Canada	case
6	Canada	Canada	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 winter	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 summer	punct
8	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 summer	cc
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 summer	case
10	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 winter	conj
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 Zealand	case
12	New	New	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Zealand	flat
13	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 summer	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 winter	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Christmas			Canada		in winter but summer in New Zealand	tree rules

Example 8

Some birds fly south for the winter.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 birds	det
2	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 fly	nsubj
3	fly	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	south	south	ADV	_	3 fly	advmod
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 winter	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 winter	det
7	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fly	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 fly	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	present	some birds				winter	south property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 9

A hard winter followed this summer.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 winter	det
2	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 winter	amod
3	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 followed	nsubj
4	followed	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 summer	det
6	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 followed	obl:unmarked
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 followed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	past	a hard winter				summer		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/winter/