witch Who acts: witch, man, people, it, Calling, woman · What happens: be, have, show, accuse, punish, kill · To what, where: woman, magic powers, history, witch hunts, religions, town · Speech: someone speaks here
«witch» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: witch in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 In fairy tales and stories, a witch is a woman (and sometimes a man) who has magic powers, often shown with a pointed hat, a broomstick, a black cat and a cauldron.
The tree, 32 words case compound cc conj punct det nsubj cop det conj punct cc advmod det appos punct nsubj acl:relcl amod obj punct advmod acl case det amod obl punct det conj punct det amod conj cc det conj punct root In ADP fairy NOUN tales NOUN and CCONJ stories NOUN , PUNCT a DET witch NOUN is AUX a DET woman NOUN ( PUNCT and CCONJ sometimes ADV a DET man NOUN ) PUNCT who PRON has VERB magic ADJ powers NOUN , PUNCT often ADV shown VERB with ADP a DET pointed ADJ hat NOUN , PUNCT a DET broomstick NOUN , PUNCT a DET black ADJ cat NOUN and CCONJ a DET cauldron NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 tales case 2 fairy fairy NOUN Number=Sing 3 tales compound 3 tales tale NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 stories cc 5 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 3 tales conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 11 woman punct 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 witch det 8 witch witch NOUN Number=Sing 11 woman nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 woman cop 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 woman det 11 woman woman NOUN Number=Sing 3 tales conj 12 ( ( PUNCT _ 16 man punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 16 man cc 14 sometimes sometimes ADV PronType=Ind 16 man advmod 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 man det 16 man man NOUN Number=Sing 11 woman appos 17 ) ) PUNCT _ 16 man punct 18 who who PRON PronType=Rel 19 has nsubj 19 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 man acl:relcl 20 magic magic ADJ Degree=Pos 21 powers amod 21 powers power NOUN Number=Plur 19 has obj 22 , , PUNCT _ 24 shown punct 23 often often ADV _ 24 shown advmod 24 shown show VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 21 powers acl 25 with with ADP _ 28 hat case 26 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 28 hat det 27 pointed pointed ADJ Degree=Pos 28 hat amod 28 hat hat NOUN Number=Sing 24 shown obl 29 , , PUNCT _ 31 broomstick punct 30 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 31 broomstick det 31 broomstick broomstick NOUN Number=Sing 28 hat conj 32 , , PUNCT _ 35 cat punct 33 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 35 cat det 34 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 35 cat amod 35 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 28 hat conj 36 and and CCONJ _ 38 cauldron cc 37 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 38 cauldron det 38 cauldron cauldron NOUN Number=Sing 28 hat conj 39 . . PUNCT _ 3 tales punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a witch a woman tree rules 2 have present a man magic powers vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Patient 3 show participle magic powers not said here with a pointed hat and a broomstick and a black cat and a cauldron; often property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In history, many people, mostly poor or old women, were wrongly accused of being witches and punished or killed in witch hunts.
The tree, 22 words case obl punct amod conj punct advmod conj cc amod conj punct aux:pass advmod case cop obl cc conj cc conj case compound obl punct root In ADP history NOUN , PUNCT many ADJ people NOUN , PUNCT mostly ADV poor ADJ or CCONJ old ADJ women NOUN , PUNCT were AUX wrongly ADV accused VERB of ADP being AUX witches NOUN and CCONJ punished VERB or CCONJ killed VERB in ADP witch NOUN hunts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 history case 2 history history NOUN Number=Sing 15 accused obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 5 people punct 4 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 5 people amod 5 people people NOUN Number=Plur 2 history conj 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 poor punct 7 mostly mostly ADV _ 8 poor advmod 8 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 2 history conj 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 women cc 10 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 11 women amod 11 women woman NOUN Number=Plur 8 poor conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 2 history punct 13 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 15 accused aux:pass 14 wrongly wrongly ADV _ 15 accused advmod 15 accused accuse VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 16 of of ADP _ 18 witches case 17 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 18 witches cop 18 witches witch NOUN Number=Plur 15 accused obl 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 punished cc 20 punished punish VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 accused conj 21 or or CCONJ _ 22 killed cc 22 killed kill VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 20 punished conj 23 in in ADP _ 25 hunts case 24 witch witch NOUN Number=Sing 25 hunts compound 25 hunts hunt NOUN Number=Plur 22 killed obl 26 . . PUNCT _ 15 accused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 accuse past · passive history and many people wrongly property vn suspect-81 «NP V PP.theme S_ING» 2 is gerund of witches tree rules 3 punish participle vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 4 kill participle witch hunts vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Meaning 3 Some people today follow religions such as Wicca and call themselves witches; for them it is about nature and their beliefs, not evil.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj obl:unmarked obj case fixed nmod cc conj obj obj punct case obl nsubj cop case parataxis cc nmod:poss conj punct advmod conj punct root Some DET people NOUN today NOUN follow VERB religions NOUN such ADJ as ADP Wicca PROPN and CCONJ call VERB themselves PRON witches NOUN ; PUNCT for ADP them PRON it PRON is AUX about ADP nature NOUN and CCONJ their PRON beliefs NOUN , PUNCT not PART evil NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 people det 2 people people NOUN Number=Plur 4 follow nsubj 3 today today NOUN Number=Sing 4 follow obl:unmarked 4 follow follow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 religions religion NOUN Number=Plur 4 follow obj 6 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 8 Wicca case 7 as as ADP _ 6 such fixed 8 Wicca Wicca PROPN Number=Sing 5 religions nmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 call cc 10 call call VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 follow conj 11 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 10 call obj 12 witches witch NOUN Number=Plur 10 call obj 13 ; ; PUNCT _ 19 nature punct 14 for for ADP _ 15 them case 15 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 nature obl 16 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 nature nsubj 17 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 nature cop 18 about about ADP _ 19 nature case 19 nature nature NOUN Number=Sing 4 follow parataxis 20 and and CCONJ _ 22 beliefs cc 21 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 22 beliefs nmod:poss 22 beliefs belief NOUN Number=Plur 19 nature conj 23 , , PUNCT _ 25 evil punct 24 not not PART Polarity=Neg 25 evil advmod 25 evil evil NOUN Number=Sing 22 beliefs conj 26 . . PUNCT _ 4 follow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 follow present some people religions today such Wicca vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent religion=Theme 2 call infinitive some people not said here religions = religion vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme witch=Result 3 is present it about nature and people's beliefs and evil; for people tree rules 4 believe people nom belief «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Meaning 4 Usage: rude, insulting — kept apart, not parsed.
Calling a woman «a witch» means she is nasty or ugly; this is unkind.
The tree, 14 words csubj det obj punct det appos punct nsubj cop ccomp cc conj punct nsubj cop conj punct root Calling VERB a DET woman NOUN « PUNCT a DET witch NOUN » PUNCT means VERB she PRON is AUX nasty ADJ or CCONJ ugly ADJ ; PUNCT this PRON is AUX unkind ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Calling call VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 means csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 woman det 3 woman woman NOUN Number=Sing 1 Calling obj 4 « « PUNCT _ 6 witch punct 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 witch det 6 witch witch NOUN Number=Sing 3 woman appos 7 » » PUNCT _ 6 witch punct 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 nasty nsubj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 nasty cop 11 nasty nasty ADJ Degree=Pos 8 means ccomp 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 ugly cc 13 ugly ugly ADJ Degree=Pos 11 nasty conj 14 ; ; PUNCT _ 17 unkind punct 15 this this PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 17 unkind nsubj 16 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 17 unkind cop 17 unkind unkind ADJ Degree=Pos 8 means conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 8 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call gerund a woman vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent woman=Recipient 2 mean present Calling vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 3 is present woman nasty property tree rules 4 be woman not said here tree rules 5 is present this unkind property tree rules
Example 1 The witch flew over the town on her broomstick.
det nsubj case det obl case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET witch NOUN flew VERB over ADP the DET town NOUN on ADP her PRON broomstick NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 witch det 2 witch witch NOUN Number=Sing 3 flew nsubj 3 flew fly VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 over over ADP _ 6 town case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 town det 6 town town NOUN Number=Sing 3 flew obl 7 on on ADP _ 9 broomstick case 8 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 broomstick nmod:poss 9 broomstick broomstick NOUN Number=Sing 3 flew obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 flew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fly past the witch the town on witch's broomstick vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent over town=Location
Example 2 The wicked witch locked Hansel in a cage.
det amod acl obj case det obl punct root The DET wicked ADJ witch NOUN locked VERB Hansel PROPN in ADP a DET cage NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 witch det 2 wicked wicked ADJ Degree=Pos 3 witch amod 3 witch witch NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 locked lock VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 witch acl 5 Hansel Hansel PROPN Number=Sing 4 locked obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 cage case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 cage det 8 cage cage NOUN Number=Sing 4 locked obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 witch punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lock participle the wicked witch not said here Hansel a cage vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hansel=Patient
Example 3 I dressed up as a witch for Halloween.
nsubj compound:prt case det obl case nmod punct root I PRON dressed VERB up ADP as ADP a DET witch NOUN for ADP Halloween PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 dressed nsubj 2 dressed dress VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 dressed compound:prt 4 as as ADP _ 6 witch case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 witch det 6 witch witch NOUN Number=Sing 2 dressed obl 7 for for ADP _ 8 Halloween case 8 Halloween Halloween PROPN Number=Sing 6 witch nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 dressed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dress up past I as a witch for Halloween vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 In the past, innocent women were accused of being witches.
case det obl punct amod nsubj:pass aux:pass case cop obl punct root In ADP the DET past NOUN , PUNCT innocent ADJ women NOUN were AUX accused VERB of ADP being AUX witches NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 past case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 past det 3 past past NOUN Number=Sing 8 accused obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 past punct 5 innocent innocent ADJ Degree=Pos 6 women amod 6 women woman NOUN Number=Plur 8 accused nsubj:pass 7 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 accused aux:pass 8 accused accuse VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 of of ADP _ 11 witches case 10 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 11 witches cop 11 witches witch NOUN Number=Plur 8 accused obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 8 accused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 accuse past · passive innocent women the past vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme 2 is gerund of witches tree rules
Example 5 The witch stirred a bubbling cauldron.
det nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET witch NOUN stirred VERB a DET bubbling VERB cauldron NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 witch det 2 witch witch NOUN Number=Sing 3 stirred nsubj 3 stirred stir VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 cauldron det 5 bubbling bubble VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 cauldron amod 6 cauldron cauldron NOUN Number=Sing 3 stirred obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 stirred punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stir past the witch a bubbling cauldron vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus cauldron=Experiencer 2 bubble gerund vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source
Example 6 The newspaper said the inquiry was a witch hunt.
det nsubj det nsubj cop det compound ccomp punct root The DET newspaper NOUN said VERB the DET inquiry NOUN was AUX a DET witch NOUN hunt NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 newspaper det 2 newspaper newspaper NOUN Number=Sing 3 said nsubj 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 inquiry det 5 inquiry inquiry NOUN Number=Sing 9 hunt nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 hunt cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 hunt det 8 witch witch NOUN Number=Sing 9 hunt compound 9 hunt hunt NOUN Number=Sing 3 said ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the newspaper vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is a past the inquiry a witch hunt tree rules
Example 7 Witches are not real in the way stories show them.
nsubj cop advmod case det obl nsubj acl:relcl obj punct root Witches NOUN are AUX not PART real ADJ in ADP the DET way NOUN stories NOUN show VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Witches witch NOUN Number=Plur 4 real nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 real cop 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 real advmod 4 real real ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 in in ADP _ 7 way case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 way det 7 way way NOUN Number=Sing 4 real obl 8 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 9 show nsubj 9 show show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 way acl:relcl 10 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 show obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 real punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is present Witches the way real property tree rules 2 show present stories Witches = witch vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient
Example 8 The White Witch made it always winter in Narnia.
det amod nsubj obj advmod obl case obl punct root The DET White ADJ Witch PROPN made VERB it PRON always ADV winter NOUN in ADP Narnia PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Witch det 2 White White ADJ Degree=Pos 3 Witch amod 3 Witch Witch PROPN Number=Sing 4 made nsubj 4 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 made obj 6 always always ADV PronType=Tot 7 winter advmod 7 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 4 made obl 8 in in ADP _ 9 Narnia case 9 Narnia Narnia PROPN Number=Sing 4 made obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the White Witch it Narnia winter vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product
Example 9 The witch began gnashing her teeth.
det nsubj xcomp nmod:poss obj punct root The DET witch NOUN began VERB gnashing VERB her PRON teeth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 witch det 2 witch witch NOUN Number=Sing 3 began nsubj 3 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 gnashing gnash VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 began xcomp 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 teeth nmod:poss 6 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 4 gnashing obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 began punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 begin past the witch vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 gnash gerund the witch not said here witch's teeth vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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