2 Chronicles 18:30 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ב

Who acts: king · What happens: command, say, fight, save · To what, where: captains · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Chronicles 18:30 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king — and what happens in the verse to captains, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of 2 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וּמֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֡ם צִוָּה֩ אֶת־שָׂרֵ֨י הָרֶ֤כֶב אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֚א תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ אֶת־הַקָּטֹ֖ן אֶת־הַגָּד֑וֹל כִּ֛י אִֽם־אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְבַדּֽוֹ׃

Now the king of Aram had commanded the captains of his chariots, saying: 'Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king of Israel.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 צִוָּה֩	cc	and
2	מֶ֣לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 צִוָּה֩	nsubj	the king
3	אֲרָ֡ם	אֲרָם	PROPN	_	2 מֶ֣לֶךְ	compound:smixut	of Aram
4	צִוָּה֩	צָוָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he had commanded
5	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	6 שָׂרֵ֨י	case	(et)
6	שָׂרֵ֨י	שַׂר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	4 צִוָּה֩	obj	the commanders
7	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 רֶ֤כֶב	det	of
8	רֶ֤כֶב	רֶכֶב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 שָׂרֵ֨י	compound:smixut	the chariotry
9	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	11 וֹ֙	mark	which
10	ל	לְ	ADP	_	11 וֹ֙	case	[belonged] to
11	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 שָׂרֵ֨י	acl:relcl	him
12	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	15 תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ	mark	(cmp)
13	אמֹ֔ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	12 לֵ	fixed
14	לֹ֚א	לֹא	ADV	_	15 תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ	advmod	not
15	תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ	לָחַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=2	4 צִוָּה֩	ccomp	you must do battle
16	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	18 קָּטֹ֖ן	case	with
17	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 קָּטֹ֖ן	det	the
18	קָּטֹ֖ן	קָטֹן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ	obl	small
19	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	21 גָּד֑וֹל	case	with
20	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 גָּד֑וֹל	det	the
21	גָּד֑וֹל	גָּדוֹל	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 קָּטֹ֖ן	conj	great
22	כִּ֛י	כִּי	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	25 מֶ֥לֶךְ	mark	(dm)
23	אִֽם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	22 כִּ֛י	fixed	(if)
24	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	25 מֶ֥לֶךְ	case	with
25	מֶ֥לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ	parataxis	the king
26	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	25 מֶ֥לֶךְ	compound:smixut	of Israel
27	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	28 בַדּ	case	him
28	בַדּ	בַּד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	25 מֶ֥לֶךְ	nmod
29	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 בַדּ	nmod:poss	alone
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
indirect: yes
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
צִוָּה he had commanded	qatal · piel	מֶלֶךְ the king	שָׂרֵי the commanders
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	מֶלֶךְ the king
not תִּלָּחֲמוּ you must do battle	yiqtol · niphal	שָׂרֵי the commanders

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Now the king of Aram had commanded the captains of his chariots, saying: 'Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king of Israel.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2CH:377.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.30/