2 Chronicles 18:31 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ב

Who acts: small, captains, Jehoshaphat, LORD, God · What happens: come, pass, see, say, be, turn about · To what, where: Jehoshaphat, king, captains · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 2 Chronicles 18:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — small, captains, Jehoshaphat, LORD, God — and what happens in the verse to Jehoshaphat, king, captains, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of 2 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיְהִ֡י כִּרְאוֹת֩ שָׂרֵ֨י הָרֶ֜כֶב אֶת־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֗ט וְהֵ֤מָּה אָֽמְרוּ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל ה֔וּא וַיָּסֹ֥בּוּ עָלָ֖יו לְהִלָּחֵ֑ם וַיִּזְעַ֤ק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָט֙ וַֽיהוָ֣ה עֲזָר֔וֹ וַיְסִיתֵ֥ם אֱלֹהִ֖ים מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃

And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots saw Jehoshaphat, that they said: 'It is the king of Israel.' Therefore they turned about to fight against him; but Jehoshaphat cried out, and the LORD helped him; and God moved them to depart from him.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְהִ֡י	cc	and
2	יְהִ֡י	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it was
3	כִּ	כְּ	ADP	_	4 רְאוֹת֩	case	just
4	רְאוֹת֩	רָאָה	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	2 יְהִ֡י	advcl	as saw
5	שָׂרֵ֨י	שַׂר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	4 רְאוֹת֩	nsubj	the commanders
6	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 רֶ֜כֶב	det	of
7	רֶ֜כֶב	רֶכֶב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 שָׂרֵ֨י	compound:smixut	the chariotry
8	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	9 יְהוֹשָׁפָ֗ט	case	(et)
9	יְהוֹשָׁפָ֗ט	יְהוֹשָׁפָט	PROPN	_	4 רְאוֹת֩	obj	Jehoshaphat
10	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 אָֽמְרוּ֙	cc	and
11	הֵ֤מָּה	הֵמָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 אָֽמְרוּ֙	nsubj	they
12	אָֽמְרוּ֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יְהִ֡י	conj	they said
13	מֶ֣לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 אָֽמְרוּ֙	ccomp	[is] the king
14	יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	13 מֶ֣לֶךְ	compound:smixut	of Israel
15	ה֔וּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 מֶ֣לֶךְ	nsubj	it
16	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 יָּסֹ֥בּוּ	cc	and
17	יָּסֹ֥בּוּ	סָבַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יְהִ֡י	conj	they surrounded
18	עָלָ֖י	עַל	ADP	_	19 ו	case	(on)
19	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 יָּסֹ֥בּוּ	obl	him
20	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	21 הִלָּחֵ֑ם	case	to
21	הִלָּחֵ֑ם	לָחַם	VERB	HebBinyan=NIPHAL	17 יָּסֹ֥בּוּ	advcl	do battle
22	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 יִּזְעַ֤ק	cc	and
23	יִּזְעַ֤ק	זָעַק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִ֡י	conj	he cried out
24	יְהֽוֹשָׁפָט֙	יְהוֹשָׁפָט	PROPN	_	23 יִּזְעַ֤ק	nsubj	Jehoshaphat
25	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 עֲזָר	cc	and
26	יהוָ֣ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	27 עֲזָר	nsubj	Yahweh
27	עֲזָר	עָזַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִ֡י	conj	he
28	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 עֲזָר	obj	helped him
29	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	30 יְסִית	cc	and
30	יְסִית	סוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִ֡י	conj	he
31	ֵ֥ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 יְסִית	obj	lured them
32	אֱלֹהִ֖ים	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	30 יְסִית	nsubj	God
33	מִמּ	מִן	ADP	_	34 ֶֽנּוּ	case	away
34	ֶֽנּוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 יְסִית	obl	from him
35	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	34 ֶֽנּוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
רְאוֹת as saw	infinitive construct · qal	שָׂרֵי the commanders	יְהוֹשָׁפָט Jehoshaphat
אָֽמְרוּ they said	qatal · qal	הֵמָּה they
יָּסֹבּוּ they surrounded	wayyiqtol · qal	שָׂרֵי the commanders
הִלָּחֵם do battle	infinitive construct · niphal	שָׂרֵי the commanders
יִּזְעַק he cried out	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהֽוֹשָׁפָט Jehoshaphat
עֲזָר he	qatal · qal	יהוָה Yahweh	וֹ helped him
יְסִית he	wayyiqtol · hiphil	ֵם lured them		אֱלֹהִים God

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots saw Jehoshaphat, that they said: 'It is the king of Israel.' Therefore they turned about to fight against him; but Jehoshaphat cried out, and the LORD helped him; and God moved them to depart from him.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2CH:378.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.18.31/