2 Chronicles 32:18 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ב

Who acts: people · What happens: cry, be, terrify, affright, take · To what, where: language, wall, people, city

This is 2 Chronicles 32:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people — and what happens in the verse to language, wall, people, city, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of 2 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּקְרְא֨וּ בְקוֹל־גָּד֜וֹל יְהוּדִ֗ית עַל־עַ֤ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַֽחוֹמָ֔ה לְיָֽרְאָ֖ם וּֽלְבַהֲלָ֑ם לְמַ֖עַן יִלְכְּד֥וּ אֶת־הָעִֽיר׃

And they cried with a loud voice in the Jews' language unto the people of Jerusalem that were on the wall, to terrify them, and to affright them; that they might take the city.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּקְרְא֨וּ	cc	and
2	יִּקְרְא֨וּ	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they called out
3	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	4 קוֹל־	case	with
4	קוֹל־	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּקְרְא֨וּ	obl	a voice
5	גָּד֜וֹל	גָּדוֹל	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 קוֹל־	amod	great
6	יְהוּדִ֗ית	יְהוּדִי	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 יִּקְרְא֨וּ	obl	Judean
7	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	8 עַ֤ם	case	to
8	עַ֤ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּקְרְא֨וּ	obl	the people
9	יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙	יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם	PROPN	_	8 עַ֤ם	compound:smixut	of Jerusalem
10	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	13 חוֹמָ֔ה	mark	which
11	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	13 חוֹמָ֔ה	case	[was] on
12	הַֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 חוֹמָ֔ה	det	the
13	חוֹמָ֔ה	חוֹמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	8 עַ֤ם	acl:relcl	wall
14	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	15 יָֽרְא	case	to
15	יָֽרְא	יָרֵא	VERB	HebBinyan=PIEL	2 יִּקְרְא֨וּ	advcl	make
16	ָ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 יָֽרְא	obj	them afraid
17	וּֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 בַהֲל	cc	and
18	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	19 בַהֲל	case	to
19	בַהֲל	בָּהַל	VERB	HebBinyan=PIEL	15 יָֽרְא	conj	terrify
20	ָ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 בַהֲל	obj	them
21	לְמַ֖עַן	לְמַעַן	SCONJ	_	22 יִלְכְּד֥וּ	mark	so that
22	יִלְכְּד֥וּ	לָכַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּקְרְא֨וּ	ccomp	they may capture
23	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	25 עִֽיר	case	(et)
24	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	25 עִֽיר	det	the
25	עִֽיר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	22 יִלְכְּד֥וּ	obj	city
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 עִֽיר	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	what, whom (A1)
יִּקְרְאוּ they called out	wayyiqtol · qal
יָֽרְא make	infinitive construct · piel	ָם them afraid
בַהֲל terrify	infinitive construct · piel	ָם them
יִלְכְּדוּ they may capture	yiqtol · qal	עִֽיר city

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And they cried with a loud voice in the Jews' language unto the people of Jerusalem that were on the wall, to terrify them, and to affright them; that they might take the city.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2CH:698.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.32.18/