Daniel 4:10 דָּנִיֵּאל

Who acts: I, watcher · What happens: see, come down · To what, where: visions, heaven

This is Daniel 4:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, watcher — and what happens in the verse to visions, heaven, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

חָזֵ֥ה הֲוֵ֛ית בְּחֶזְוֵ֥י רֵאשִׁ֖י עַֽל־מִשְׁכְּבִ֑י וַאֲלוּ֙ עִ֣יר וְקַדִּ֔ישׁ מִן־שְׁמַיָּ֖א נָחִֽת׃

I saw in the visions of my head upon my bed, and, behold, a watcher and a holy one came down from heaven.

The tree

This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	חָזֵ֥ה	חֲזָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing	root	root	seeing
2	הֲוֵ֛ית	הוה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing Person=1	1 חָזֵ֥ה	dep	I was
3	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	4 חֶזְוֵ֥י	case	in
4	חֶזְוֵ֥י	חֱזוּ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	1 חָזֵ֥ה	obl	the visions
5	רֵאשׁ	רֵאשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 חֶזְוֵ֥י	compound:smixut	of
6	ִ֖י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 רֵאשׁ	nmod:poss	my head
7	עַֽל־	עַל	ADP	_	8 מִשְׁכְּב	case	on
8	מִשְׁכְּב	מִשְׁכַּב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 חָזֵ֥ה	obl	bed
9	ִ֑י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 מִשְׁכְּב	nmod:poss	my
10	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 נָחִֽת	cc	and
11	אֲלוּ֙	אֲלוּ	INTJ	_	18 נָחִֽת	discourse	lo!
12	עִ֣יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 נָחִֽת	nsubj	a watcher
13	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 קַדִּ֔ישׁ	cc	and
14	קַדִּ֔ישׁ	קַדִּישׁ	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 עִ֣יר	conj	a holy [one]
15	מִן־	מִן	ADP	_	16 שְׁמַיּ	case	from
16	שְׁמַיּ	שָׁמַיִן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	18 נָחִֽת	obl	the
17	ָ֖א	א	DET	PronType=Art	16 שְׁמַיּ	det	heavens
18	נָחִֽת	נְחֵת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing	1 חָזֵ֥ה	conj	[was] coming down
19	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	18 נָחִֽת	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
חָזֵה seeing	participle active · peal
נָחִֽת [was] coming down	participle active · peal	עִיר a watcher

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

I saw in the visions of my head upon my bed, and, behold, a watcher and a holy one came down from heaven.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc-arc:DAN:88.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.10/