Daniel 4:30 דָּנִיֵּאל

Who acts: same hour, body · What happens: be, fulfil, drive, eat, grow · To what, where: thing, same hour, king, grass, hair

This is Daniel 4:30 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — same hour, body — and what happens in the verse to thing, same hour, king, grass, hair, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

בַּהּ־שַׁעֲתָ֗א מִלְּתָא֮ סָ֣פַת עַל־נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר֒ וּמִן־אֲנָשָׁ֣א טְרִ֔יד וְעִשְׂבָּ֤א כְתוֹרִין֙ יֵאכֻ֔ל וּמִטַּ֥ל שְׁמַיָּ֖א גִּשְׁמֵ֣הּ יִצְטַבַּ֑ע עַ֣ד דִּ֥י שַׂעְרֵ֛הּ כְּנִשְׁרִ֥ין רְבָ֖ה וְטִפְר֥וֹהִי כְצִפְּרִֽין׃

The same hour was the thing fulfilled upon Nebuchadnezzar; and he was driven from men, and did eat grass as oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven, till his hair was grown like eagles' feathers, and his nails like birds' claws.

The tree

This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	בּ	בְּ	ADP	_	2 ַהּ־	case	at
2	ַהּ־	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 סָ֣פַת	obl	it
3	שַׁעֲת	שָׁעָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 ַהּ־	appos	the
4	ָ֗א	א	DET	PronType=Art	3 שַׁעֲת	det	moment
5	מִלְּת	מִלָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	7 סָ֣פַת	nsubj	the
6	ָא֮	א	DET	PronType=Art	5 מִלְּת	det	word
7	סָ֣פַת	סוּף	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it was fulfilled
8	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	9 נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר֒	case	on
9	נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר֒	נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר	PROPN	_	7 סָ֣פַת	obl	Nebuchadnezzar
10	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 טְרִ֔יד	cc	and
11	מִן־	מִן	ADP	_	12 אֲנָשׁ	case	away from
12	אֲנָשׁ	אֱנָשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 טְרִ֔יד	obl	(the)
13	ָ֣א	א	DET	PronType=Art	12 אֲנָשׁ	det	humankind
14	טְרִ֔יד	טְרַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEIL Number=Sing Person=3	7 סָ֣פַת	conj	he was chased
15	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 יֵאכֻ֔ל	cc	and
16	עִשְׂבּ	עֲשַׂב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 יֵאכֻ֔ל	obj	(the)
17	ָ֤א	א	DET	PronType=Art	16 עִשְׂבּ	det	grass
18	כְ	כְּ	ADP	_	19 תוֹרִין֙	case	like
19	תוֹרִין֙	תּוֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	20 יֵאכֻ֔ל	obl	oxen
20	יֵאכֻ֔ל	אֲכַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing Person=3	7 סָ֣פַת	conj	he ate
21	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	28 יִצְטַבַּ֑ע	cc	and
22	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	23 טַּ֥ל	case	from
23	טַּ֥ל	טַל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	28 יִצְטַבַּ֑ע	obl	the dew
24	שְׁמַיּ	שָׁמַיִן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	23 טַּ֥ל	compound:smixut	of
25	ָ֖א	א	DET	PronType=Art	24 שְׁמַיּ	det	the heavens
26	גִּשְׁמ	גְּשֵׁם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	28 יִצְטַבַּ֑ע	nsubj	body
27	ֵ֣הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 גִּשְׁמ	nmod:poss	his
28	יִצְטַבַּ֑ע	צְבַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPAAL Number=Sing Person=3	20 יֵאכֻ֔ל	conj	it became wet
29	עַ֣ד	עַד	ADP	_	20 יֵאכֻ֔ל	parataxis	until
30	דִּ֥י	דִּי	SCONJ	_	35 רְבָ֖ה	mark	that
31	שַׂעְר	שְׂעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	35 רְבָ֖ה	nsubj	hair
32	ֵ֛הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 שַׂעְר	nmod:poss	his
33	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	34 נִשְׁרִ֥ין	case	like
34	נִשְׁרִ֥ין	נְשַׁר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	35 רְבָ֖ה	obl	eagles
35	רְבָ֖ה	רְבָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing Person=3	29 עַ֣ד	parataxis	it grew long
36	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	37 טִפְר֥וֹ	cc	and
37	טִפְר֥וֹ	טְפַר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	35 רְבָ֖ה	conj	nails
38	הִי	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	37 טִפְר֥וֹ	nmod:poss	his
39	כְ	כְּ	ADP	_	40 צִפְּרִֽין	case	[were] like
40	צִפְּרִֽין	צְפַר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	37 טִפְר֥וֹ	obl	birds
41	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	40 צִפְּרִֽין	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
סָפַת it was fulfilled	qatal · peal	מִלְּת the
טְרִיד he was chased	qatal · peil		נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר Nebuchadnezzar
יֵאכֻל he ate	yiqtol · peal	נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר Nebuchadnezzar	עִשְׂבּ (the)
יִצְטַבַּע it became wet	yiqtol · hithpaal		גִּשְׁמ body
רְבָה it grew long	qatal · peal	שַׂעְר hair

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

The same hour was the thing fulfilled upon Nebuchadnezzar; and he was driven from men, and did eat grass as oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven, till his hair was grown like eagles' feathers, and his nails like birds' claws.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc-arc:DAN:108.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.30/