Ecclesiastes 4:4 קֹהֶלֶת

Who acts: I, all, work, This · What happens: consider, excel, be · To what, where: labour, work, rivalry, vanity

This is Ecclesiastes 4:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, all, work, This — and what happens in the verse to labour, work, rivalry, vanity, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְרָאִ֨יתִֽי אֲנִ֜י אֶת־כָּל־עָמָ֗ל וְאֵת֙ כָּל־כִּשְׁר֣וֹן הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה כִּ֛י הִ֥יא קִנְאַת־אִ֖ישׁ מֵרֵעֵ֑הוּ גַּם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃

Again, I considered all labour and all excelling in work, that it is a man's rivalry with his neighbour. This also is vanity and a striving after wind.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 רָאִ֨יתִֽי	cc	and
2	רָאִ֨יתִֽי	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	root	root	I considered
3	אֲנִ֜י	אֲנִי	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 רָאִ֨יתִֽי	nsubj	I
4	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	5 כָּל־	case	(et)
5	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 רָאִ֨יתִֽי	obj	all
6	עָמָ֗ל	עָמָל	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 כָּל־	compound:smixut	[the] toil
7	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 כָּל־	cc	and
8	אֵת֙	אֵת	ADP	_	9 כָּל־	case	(et)
9	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 כָּל־	conj	all
10	כִּשְׁר֣וֹן	כִּשְׁרוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 כָּל־	compound:smixut	the skill
11	הַֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 מַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה	det	of
12	מַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה	מַעֲשֶׂה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 כִּשְׁר֣וֹן	compound:smixut	the work
13	כִּ֛י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	15 קִנְאַת־	mark	(cmp)
14	הִ֥יא	הִיא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 קִנְאַת־	nsubj	it
15	קִנְאַת־	קִנְאָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 רָאִ֨יתִֽי	parataxis	[is] envy
16	אִ֖ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 קִנְאַת־	compound:smixut	of everyone
17	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	18 רֵע	case	from
18	רֵע	רֵעַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 קִנְאַת־	obl	neighbor
19	ֵ֑הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 רֵע	nmod:poss	his
20	גַּם־	גַּם	ADV	_	21 זֶ֥ה	advmod	also
21	זֶ֥ה	זֶה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	22 הֶ֖בֶל	nsubj	this
22	הֶ֖בֶל	הֶבֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 רָאִ֨יתִֽי	parataxis	[is] futility
23	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 רְע֥וּת	cc	and
24	רְע֥וּת	רְעוּת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	22 הֶ֖בֶל	conj	striving
25	רֽוּחַ	רוּחַ	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 רְע֥וּת	compound:smixut	of wind
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 רֽוּחַ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
רָאִיתִֽי I considered	qatal · qal	אֲנִי I	עָמָל [the] toil + כִּשְׁרוֹן the skill

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

וַחֲזֵית אֲנָא יָת כָּל טוֹרְחָא וְיָת כָּל אוֹטָבוּת עוֹבָדָא דְּעָבְדִין בְּנֵי אֱנָשָׁא אֲרוּם הִיא קִנְאֲתָא דְּקָנִּי גְּבַר לְחַבְרֵיהּ לְמֶעֱבַד כְּוָתֵיהּ דִּמְקַנֵּי לֵיהּ לְמֶעֱבַד טָבָא כְּוָתֵיהּ מֵימְרָא דִּשְׁמַיָּא יוֹטֵיב לֵיהּ וְדִמְקַנֵּי לֵיהּ לְבִישׁ לְמֶעֱבַד כְּבִשָׁתֵיה מֵימְרָא דִּשְׁמַיָּא יַבְאִישׁ לֵיהּ וְאַף דֵּין הֲבָלוּ לְחַיָּבָא וּתְבִירוּת רוּחָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ECC:69.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.4.4/