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home / corpora / Tanakh / Ketuvim / Ecclesiastes / chapter 4 / 4:4 / JPS 1

Ecclesiastes 4:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

Again, I considered all labour and all excelling in work, that it is a man's rivalry with his neighbour.

Who acts: I, all, work · What happens: consider, excel, be · To what, where: labour, work, rivalry

This is Ecclesiastes 4:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, all, work), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

advmodpunctnsubjdetobjccnsubjconjcaseoblpunctmarknsubjcopdetnmod:posscaseccompcasenmod:possnmodpunctrootAgainADV,PUNCTIPRONconsideredVERBallDETlabourNOUNandCCONJallPRONexcellingVERBinADPworkNOUN,PUNCTthatSCONJitPRONisAUXaDETmanNOUN'sPARTrivalryNOUNwithADPhisPRONneighbourNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1AgainagainADV_4 consideredadvmod
2,,PUNCT_1 Againpunct
3IIPRONCase=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs4 considerednsubj
4consideredconsiderVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
5allallDETPronType=Tot6 labourdet
6labourlabourNOUNNumber=Sing4 consideredobj
7andandCCONJ_9 excellingcc
8allallPRONPronType=Tot9 excellingnsubj
9excellingexcelVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part4 consideredconj
10ininADP_11 workcase
11workworkNOUNNumber=Sing9 excellingobl
12,,PUNCT_19 rivalrypunct
13thatthatSCONJ_19 rivalrymark
14ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs19 rivalrynsubj
15isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin19 rivalrycop
16aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art17 mandet
17manmanNOUNNumber=Sing19 rivalrynmod:poss
18's'sPART_17 mancase
19rivalryrivalryNOUNNumber=Sing4 consideredccomp
20withwithADP_22 neighbourcase
21hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs22 neighbournmod:poss
22neighbourneighbourNOUNNumber=Sing19 rivalrynmod
23..PUNCT_4 consideredpunct

Pragmatics

form
statement
act
narrate
voice
narrator
polarity
none
teacher
kept the draft
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1considerpastIall labouragainvn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent labour=Attribute
2excelgerundallworkvn succeed-74-1 «NP V PP.eventuality S_ING»: agent=Agent in work=Eventuality
3is apresentworka man's rivalrywith man's neighbourtree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

וְרָאִ֨יתִֽי אֲנִ֜י אֶת־כָּל־עָמָ֗ל וְאֵת֙ כָּל־כִּשְׁר֣וֹן הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה כִּ֛י הִ֥יא קִנְאַת־אִ֖ישׁ מֵרֵעֵ֑הוּ גַּם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃

Ecclesiastes 4:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →

This verse in JPS 1917:

  1. Again, I considered all labour and all excelling in work, that it is a man's rivalry with his neighbour.
  2. This also is vanity and a striving after wind.

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ECC:76 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.76/