Ecclesiastes 4:3 קֹהֶלֶת

Who acts: power · What happens: be, not see, do · To what, where: evil work, sun.

This is Ecclesiastes 4:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — power — and what happens in the verse to evil work, sun., read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְטוֹב֙ מִשְּׁנֵיהֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־עֲדֶ֖ן לֹ֣א הָיָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־רָאָה֙ אֶת־הַמַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה הָרָ֔ע אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשָׂ֖ה תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃

but better than they both is he that hath not yet been, who hath not seen the evil work that is done under the sun.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 טוֹב֙	cc	and [is]
2	טוֹב֙	טוֹב	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	root	root	good
3	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	5 הֶ֔ם	case	more
4	שְּׁנֵי	שְׁנַיִם	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	5 הֶ֔ם	nummod	than
5	הֶ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 טוֹב֙	obl	both of them
6	אֵ֥ת	אֵת	ADP	_	10 הָיָ֑ה	case	(et)
7	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	10 הָיָ֑ה	mark	[one] who
8	עֲדֶ֖ן	עֲדֶן	ADV	_	10 הָיָ֑ה	advmod	still
9	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	10 הָיָ֑ה	advmod	not
10	הָיָ֑ה	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 טוֹב֙	nsubj	he has been
11	אֲשֶׁ֤ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	13 רָאָה֙	mark	[one] who
12	לֹֽא־	לֹא	ADV	_	13 רָאָה֙	advmod	not
13	רָאָה֙	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	10 הָיָ֑ה	acl:relcl	he has seen
14	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	16 מַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה	case	(et)
15	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	16 מַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה	det	the
16	מַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה	מַעֲשֶׂה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 רָאָה֙	obj	activity
17	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 רָ֔ע	det	(the)
18	רָ֔ע	רַע	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 מַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה	amod	evil
19	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	20 נַעֲשָׂ֖ה	mark	which
20	נַעֲשָׂ֖ה	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	16 מַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה	acl:relcl	it is done
21	תַּ֥חַת	תַּחַת	NOUN	_	20 נַעֲשָׂ֖ה	obl	under
22	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	23 שָּֽׁמֶשׁ	det	the
23	שָּֽׁמֶשׁ	שֶׁמֶשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 תַּ֥חַת	compound:smixut	sun
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 שָּֽׁמֶשׁ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
not רָאָה he has seen	qatal · qal	הָיָה he has been	מַּעֲשֶׂה activity
נַעֲשָׂה it is done	qatal · niphal		מַּעֲשֶׂה activity

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

וְשַׁפִּיר מִן תַּרְוֵיהוֹן יָת דְעוֹד כְּעַן לָא הֲוָה וְלָא אִתְבְּרִי בְּעָלְמָא דִי לָא חֲזָא יָת עוֹבָדָא בִּישָׁא דְאִתְעַבְדָא בְּעָלְמָא הָדֵין תְּחוֹת שִׁמְשָׁא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

but better than they both is he that hath not yet been, who hath not seen the evil work that is done under the sun.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ECC:68.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.4.3/