Ecclesiastes 4:2 קֹהֶלֶת

Who acts: I, dead, living · What happens: praise, be · To what, where: dead

This is Ecclesiastes 4:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, dead, living — and what happens in the verse to dead, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְשַׁבֵּ֧חַ אֲנִ֛י אֶת־הַמֵּתִ֖ים שֶׁכְּבָ֣ר מֵ֑תוּ מִן־הַ֣חַיִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥מָּה חַיִּ֖ים עֲדֶֽנָה׃

Wherefore I praised the dead that are already dead more than the living that are yet alive;

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 שַׁבֵּ֧חַ	cc	and
2	שַׁבֵּ֧חַ	שָׁבַח	VERB	HebBinyan=PIEL	root	root	I commended
3	אֲנִ֛י	אֲנִי	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 שַׁבֵּ֧חַ	nsubj	I
4	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	6 מֵּתִ֖ים	case	(et)
5	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	6 מֵּתִ֖ים	mark	the dead
6	מֵּתִ֖ים	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	2 שַׁבֵּ֧חַ	obj	[people]
7	שֶׁ	שֶׁ	SCONJ	_	9 מֵ֑תוּ	mark	who
8	כְּבָ֣ר	כְּבָר	ADV	_	9 מֵ֑תוּ	advmod	already
9	מֵ֑תוּ	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	6 מֵּתִ֖ים	acl:relcl	they had died
10	מִן־	מִן	ADP	_	12 חַיִּ֔ים	case	more than
11	הַ֣	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 חַיִּ֔ים	det	the
12	חַיִּ֔ים	חַי	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 שַׁבֵּ֧חַ	obl	living
13	אֲשֶׁ֛ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	15 חַיִּ֖ים	mark	who
14	הֵ֥מָּה	הֵמָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 חַיִּ֖ים	nsubj	they
15	חַיִּ֖ים	חַי	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	12 חַיִּ֔ים	acl:relcl	[were] alive
16	עֲדֶֽנ	עֲדֶנָה	ADV	_	15 חַיִּ֖ים	advmod	pleasure
17	ָה	ה	X	_	16 עֲדֶֽנ	nmod	still
18	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	17 ָה	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
שַׁבֵּחַ I commended	infinitive absolute · piel	אֲנִי I	מֵּתִים [people]
מֵתוּ they had died	qatal · qal	מֵּתִים [people]

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

וְשַׁבָּחוּת אֲנָא יָת שְׁכִיבָא דְּהָא כְּבָר מִיתוּ וְלָא חֲזֵי פוּרְעָנוּתָא דְאָתֵי בְּעָלְמָא בָּתַר מוֹתֵיהוֹן יַתִּיר מִן חַיַיָּא דְּאִנּוּן קָיְמִין בְּעָלְמָא הָדֵין בְּעָקָא עַד כְּעַן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Wherefore I praised the dead that are already dead more than the living that are yet alive;

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ECC:67.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.4.2/