Ecclesiastes 4:1 קֹהֶלֶת

Who acts: I, tears, power · What happens: return, consider, do, behold, oppress, have · To what, where: oppressions, sun, tears, comforter, side

This is Ecclesiastes 4:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, tears, power — and what happens in the verse to oppressions, sun, tears, comforter, side, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְשַׁ֣בְתִּֽי אֲנִ֗י וָאֶרְאֶה֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָ֣עֲשֻׁקִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשִׂ֖ים תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ דִּמְעַ֣ת הָעֲשֻׁקִ֗ים וְאֵ֤ין לָהֶם֙ מְנַחֵ֔ם וּמִיַּ֤ד עֹֽשְׁקֵיהֶם֙ כֹּ֔חַ וְאֵ֥ין לָהֶ֖ם מְנַחֵֽם׃

But I returned and considered all the oppressions that are done under the sun; and behold the tears of such as were oppressed, and they had no comforter; and on the side of their oppressors there was power, but they had no comforter.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

Pragmatics

form

statement

act

assert

voice

character

speech

inside a quote begun earlier

negation

yes

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

וּתְבֵית אֲנָא וַחֲזִית יָת כָּל אֲנִיסִין דְּאִתְעֲבִידוּ לְצַדִּיקַיָּא [וְאִרְדוּ] בְּעָלְמָא הָדֵין תְּחוֹת שִׁמְשָׁא מִן יַד דוֹחֲקֵיהוֹן וְלֵית דִי מַלֵיל לְהוֹן תַּנְחוּמִין וְלֵית לְמִפְרַקְהוֹן מִן יַד דְאוֹנְסֵיהוֹן בִּתְקוֹף יְדָא וּבְחֵילָא וְלֵית דִי יַנְחִים לְהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

1. But I returned and considered all the oppressions that are done under the sun; and behold the tears of such as were oppressed, and they had no comforter; and on the side of their oppressors there was power, but they had no comforter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.4.1/