Ezra 4:11 עֶזְרָא

Who acts: this, Rehum · What happens: be, send · To what, where: copy, letter

This is Ezra 4:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — this, Rehum — and what happens in the verse to copy, letter, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Ezra on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

דְּנָה֙ פַּרְשֶׁ֣גֶן אִגַּרְתָּ֔א דִּ֚י שְׁלַ֣חוּ עֲל֔וֹהִי עַל־אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּא מַלְכָּ֑א עַבְדָ֛יךְאֱנָ֥שׁ עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֖ה וּכְעֶֽנֶת׃פ

this is the copy of the letter that they sent unto him, even unto Artaxerxes the king — thy servants the men beyond the River — and now

The tree

This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	דְּנָה֙	דְּנָה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	root	root	this
2	פַּרְשֶׁ֣גֶן	פַּרְשֶׁגֶן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 דְּנָה֙	nsubj	[is] (the) copy
3	אִגַּרְתּ	אִגְּרָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 פַּרְשֶׁ֣גֶן	compound:smixut	of
4	ָ֔א	א	DET	PronType=Art	3 אִגַּרְתּ	det	the letter
5	דִּ֚י	דִּי	SCONJ	_	6 שְׁלַ֣חוּ	mark	which
6	שְׁלַ֣חוּ	שְׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 אִגַּרְתּ	acl:relcl	they sent
7	עֲל֔וֹ	עַל	ADP	_	8 הִי	case	to
8	הִי	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 שְׁלַ֣חוּ	obl	him
9	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	10 אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּא	case	to
10	אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּא	אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא	PROPN	_	1 דְּנָה֙	parataxis	Artaxerxes
11	מַלְכּ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּא	appos	the
12	ָ֑א	א	DET	PronType=Art	11 מַלְכּ	det	king
13	עַבְדָ֛י	עֲבַד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	10 אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּא	nsubj	servants
14	ךְ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	13 עַבְדָ֛י	nmod:poss	your
15	אֱנָ֥שׁ	אֱנָשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 עַבְדָ֛י	appos	the man
16	עֲבַֽר־	עֲבַר	PROPN	_	15 אֱנָ֥שׁ	compound:smixut	of the region beyond
17	נַהֲר	נְהַר	PROPN	_	16 עֲבַֽר־	compound:smixut	the
18	ָ֖ה	ה	DET	PronType=Art	17 נַהֲר	det	river
19	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 כְעֶֽנֶת	cc	and
20	כְעֶֽנֶת	כְּעֶנֶת	ADV	_	1 דְּנָה֙	advmod	now
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 כְעֶֽנֶת	punct
22	פ	פ	PUNCT	_	20 כְעֶֽנֶת	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
שְׁלַחוּ they sent	qatal · peal		אִגַּרְתּ of

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

this is the copy of the letter that they sent unto him, even unto Artaxerxes the king — thy servants the men beyond the River — and now

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc-arc:EZR:3.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.11/