Ezra 4:14 עֶזְרָא

Who acts: we, us, king · What happens: eat, not be, see, send, announce, dishonour · To what, where: salt, dishonour, king

This is Ezra 4:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, us, king — and what happens in the verse to salt, dishonour, king, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Ezra on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

כְּעַ֗ן כָּל־קֳבֵל֙ דִּֽי־מְלַ֤ח הֵֽיכְלָא֙ מְלַ֔חְנָא וְעַרְוַ֣ת מַלְכָּ֔א לָ֥א אֲ‍ֽרִֽיךְ לַ֖נָא לְמֶֽחֱזֵ֑א עַ֨ל־דְּנָ֔ה שְׁלַ֖חְנָא וְהוֹדַ֥עְנָא לְמַלְכָּֽא׃

Now because we eat the salt of the palace, and it is not meet for us to see the king's dishonour, therefore have we sent and announced to the king,

The tree

This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	כְּעַ֗ן	כְּעַן	ADV	_	root	root	now
2	כָּ	כְּ	ADP	_	4 קֳבֵל֙	case	as
3	ל־	לְ	ADP	_	4 קֳבֵל֙	case	to
4	קֳבֵל֙	קֳבֵל	NOUN	_	22 שְׁלַ֖חְנָא	dislocated	because
5	דִּֽי־	דִּי	SCONJ	_	9 מְלַ֔חְנָא	mark	that
6	מְלַ֤ח	מְלַח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 מְלַ֔חְנָא	obj	the salt
7	הֵֽיכְל	הֵיכַל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 מְלַ֤ח	compound:smixut	of
8	ָא֙	א	DET	PronType=Art	7 הֵֽיכְל	det	the palace
9	מְלַ֔חְנָא	מְלַח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Plur Person=1	4 קֳבֵל֙	acl:relcl	we eat salt
10	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 אֲ‍ֽרִֽיךְ	cc	and
11	עַרְוַ֣ת	עַרְוָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	19 מֶֽחֱזֵ֑א	obj	the dishonor
12	מַלְכּ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 עַרְוַ֣ת	compound:smixut	of
13	ָ֔א	א	DET	PronType=Art	12 מַלְכּ	det	the king
14	לָ֥א	לָא	ADV	_	15 אֲ‍ֽרִֽיךְ	advmod	not
15	אֲ‍ֽרִֽיךְ	אֲרִיךְ	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 מְלַ֔חְנָא	conj	[is] proper
16	ל	לְ	ADP	_	17 ַ֖נָא	case	for
17	ַ֖נָא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	15 אֲ‍ֽרִֽיךְ	obl	us
18	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	19 מֶֽחֱזֵ֑א	case	to
19	מֶֽחֱזֵ֑א	חֲזָה	VERB	HebBinyan=PEAL	15 אֲ‍ֽרִֽיךְ	nsubj	see
20	עַ֨ל־	עַל	ADP	_	21 דְּנָ֔ה	case	concerning
21	דְּנָ֔ה	דְּנָה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	22 שְׁלַ֖חְנָא	obl	this
22	שְׁלַ֖חְנָא	שְׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Plur Person=1	1 כְּעַ֗ן	parataxis	we have sent
23	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 הוֹדַ֥עְנָא	cc	and
24	הוֹדַ֥עְנָא	יְדַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HAPHEL Number=Plur Person=1	22 שְׁלַ֖חְנָא	conj	we have made known
25	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	26 מַלְכּ	case	to
26	מַלְכּ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 הוֹדַ֥עְנָא	obl	the
27	ָֽא	א	DET	PronType=Art	26 מַלְכּ	det	king
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 ָֽא	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

verb	form · stem	what, whom (A1)
מְלַחְנָא we eat salt	qatal · peal	מְלַח the salt
מֶֽחֱזֵא see	infinitive construct · peal	עַרְוַת the dishonor
שְׁלַחְנָא we have sent	qatal · peal
הוֹדַעְנָא we have made known	qatal · haphel

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Now because we eat the salt of the palace, and it is not meet for us to see the king's dishonour, therefore have we sent and announced to the king,

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc-arc:EZR:6.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.14/