Ezra 4:14 · JPS 1917
Now because we eat the salt of the palace, and it is not meet for us to see the king's dishonour, therefore have we sent and announced to the king,
Who acts: we, us, king · What happens: eat, not be, see, send, announce, dishonour · To what, where: salt, dishonour, king
This is Ezra 4:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, us, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 eat | advmod |
| 2 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 4 eat | mark |
| 3 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 eat | nsubj |
| 4 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 sent | advcl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 salt | det |
| 6 | salt | salt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 eat | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 palace | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 palace | det |
| 9 | palace | palace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 salt | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 meet | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 meet | cc |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 meet | expl |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 meet | cop |
| 14 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 meet | advmod |
| 15 | meet | meet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 eat | conj |
| 16 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 19 see | mark |
| 17 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 see | nsubj |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 see | mark |
| 19 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 meet | advcl |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 king | det |
| 21 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 dishonour | nmod:poss |
| 22 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 21 king | case |
| 23 | dishonour | dishonour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 see | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 sent | punct |
| 25 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 28 sent | advmod |
| 26 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 sent | aux |
| 27 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 28 sent | nsubj |
| 28 | sent | send | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 announced | cc |
| 30 | announced | announce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 28 sent | conj |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 king | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 king | det |
| 33 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 announced | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 sent | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eat | present | we | the salt of the palace | now | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salt=Patient | |||
| 2 | not is | present | we not said here | meet property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | see | to-infinitive | us | the king's dishonour | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer dishonour=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | send | present · perfect | we | therefore property | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | announce speech: other | participle | we not said here | the king | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to king=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | dishonour | the king | nom dishonour «state transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Aramaic of this verse
כְּעַ֗ן כָּל־קֳבֵל֙ דִּֽי־מְלַ֤ח הֵֽיכְלָא֙ מְלַ֔חְנָא וְעַרְוַ֣ת מַלְכָּ֔א לָ֥א אֲֽרִֽיךְ לַ֖נָא לְמֶֽחֱזֵ֑א עַ֨ל־דְּנָ֔ה שְׁלַ֖חְנָא וְהוֹדַ֥עְנָא לְמַלְכָּֽא׃
Ezra 4:14: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:EZR:109 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.109/