Ezra 4:20 עֶזְרָא

Who acts: mighty kings · What happens: be, rule, pay · To what, where: Jerusalem, country, tribute

This is Ezra 4:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — mighty kings — and what happens in the verse to Jerusalem, country, tribute, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Ezra on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וּמַלְכִ֣ין תַּקִּיפִ֗ין הֲווֹ֙ עַל־יְר֣וּשְׁלֶ֔ם וְשַׁ֨לִּיטִ֔ין בְּכֹ֖ל עֲבַ֣ר נַהֲרָ֑ה וּמִדָּ֥ה בְל֛וֹ וַהֲלָ֖ךְ מִתְיְהֵ֥ב לְהֽוֹן׃

There have been mighty kings also over Jerusalem, who have ruled over all the country beyond the River; and tribute, impost, and toll, was paid unto them.

The tree

This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 יְר֣וּשְׁלֶ֔ם	cc	and
2	מַלְכִ֣ין	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	6 יְר֣וּשְׁלֶ֔ם	nsubj	kings
3	תַּקִּיפִ֗ין	תַּקִּיף	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 מַלְכִ֣ין	amod	strong
4	הֲווֹ֙	הוה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Plur Person=3	6 יְר֣וּשְׁלֶ֔ם	cop	they were
5	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	6 יְר֣וּשְׁלֶ֔ם	case	over
6	יְר֣וּשְׁלֶ֔ם	יְרוּשְׁלֵם	PROPN	_	root	root	Jerusalem
7	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 שַׁ֨לִּיטִ֔ין	cc	and
8	שַׁ֨לִּיטִ֔ין	שַׁלִּיט	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	6 יְר֣וּשְׁלֶ֔ם	conj	having mastery
9	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	10 כֹ֖ל	case	over
10	כֹ֖ל	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 שַׁ֨לִּיטִ֔ין	obl	all
11	עֲבַ֣ר	עֲבַר	PROPN	_	10 כֹ֖ל	compound:smixut	the region beyond
12	נַהֲר	נְהַר	PROPN	_	11 עֲבַ֣ר	compound:smixut	the
13	ָ֑ה	ה	DET	PronType=Art	12 נַהֲר	det	river
14	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 מִתְיְהֵ֥ב	cc	and
15	מִדָּ֥ה	מִדָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	19 מִתְיְהֵ֥ב	nsubj	tribute
16	בְל֛וֹ	בְּלוֹ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 מִדָּ֥ה	conj	tax
17	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 הֲלָ֖ךְ	cc	and
18	הֲלָ֖ךְ	הֲלָךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 מִדָּ֥ה	conj	toll
19	מִתְיְהֵ֥ב	יְהַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPEEL Number=Sing	6 יְר֣וּשְׁלֶ֔ם	conj	[was] being paid
20	ל	לְ	ADP	_	21 ְהֽוֹן	case	to
21	ְהֽוֹן	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 מִתְיְהֵ֥ב	obl	them
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 ְהֽוֹן	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
הֲווֹ they were	qatal · peal	מַלְכִין kings
מִתְיְהֵב [was] being paid	participle passive · hithpeel		מִדָּה tribute + בְלוֹ tax + הֲלָךְ toll

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

There have been mighty kings also over Jerusalem, who have ruled over all the country beyond the River; and tribute, impost, and toll, was paid unto them.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc-arc:EZR:12.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.20/