Ezra 4:20 · JPS 1917

There have been mighty kings also over Jerusalem, who have ruled over all the country beyond the River; and tribute, impost, and toll, was paid unto them.

Who acts: mighty kings · What happens: be, rule, pay · To what, where: Jerusalem, country, tribute

This is Ezra 4:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mighty kings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	3 been	expl
2	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 been	aux
3	been	be	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	mighty	mighty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 kings	amod
5	kings	king	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 been	nsubj
6	also	also	ADV	_	5 kings	advmod
7	over	over	ADP	_	8 Jerusalem	case
8	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 been	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 ruled	punct
10	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 ruled	nsubj
11	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 ruled	aux
12	ruled	rule	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 kings	acl:relcl
13	over	over	ADP	_	16 country	case
14	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	16 country	det:predet
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 country	det
16	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 ruled	obl
17	beyond	beyond	ADP	_	19 River	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 River	det
19	River	River	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 country	nmod
20	;	;	PUNCT	_	30 paid	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 paid	cc
22	tribute	tribute	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 paid	nsubj:pass
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 impost	punct
24	impost	impost	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 tribute	conj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 toll	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 toll	cc
27	toll	toll	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 tribute	conj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 tribute	punct
29	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	30 paid	aux:pass
30	paid	pay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 been	parataxis
31	unto	unto	ADP	_	32 them	case
32	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 paid	obl
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 been	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	be	present · perfect	mighty kings		Jerusalem; there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over jerusalem=Location
2	rule	present · perfect	mighty kings		all country beyond the River		vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	pay	past · passive		tribute and impost and toll		unto rebellion	vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Aramaic of this verse

וּמַלְכִ֣ין תַּקִּיפִ֗ין הֲווֹ֙ עַל־יְר֣וּשְׁלֶ֔ם וְשַׁ֨לִּיטִ֔ין בְּכֹ֖ל עֲבַ֣ר נַהֲרָ֑ה וּמִדָּ֥ה בְל֛וֹ וַהֲלָ֖ךְ מִתְיְהֵ֥ב לְהֽוֹן׃

Ezra 4:20: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:EZR:115 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.115/