Ezra 4:7 עֶזְרָא

What happens: write, set · To what, where: Bishlam, writing, Aramaic character, Aramaic tongue, letter

This is Ezra 4:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: what happens in the verse to Bishlam, writing, Aramaic character, Aramaic tongue, letter, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Ezra on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וּבִימֵ֣י אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֗שְׂתָּא כָּתַ֨ב בִּשְׁלָ֜ם מִתְרְדָ֤ת טָֽבְאֵל֙ וּשְׁאָ֣ר כְּנָוֺתָ֔יו עַל־אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּ מֶ֣לֶךְ פָּרָ֑ס וּכְתָב֙הַֽנִּשְׁתְּוָ֔ן כָּת֥וּב אֲרָמִ֖ית וּמְתֻרְגָּ֥ם אֲרָמִֽית׃פ

And in the days of Artaxerxes wrote Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of his companions, unto Artaxerxes king of Persia; and the writing of the letter was written in the Aramaic character, and set forth in the Aramaic tongue.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 כָּתַ֨ב	cc	and
2	בִ	בְּ	ADP	_	3 ימֵ֣י	case	in
3	ימֵ֣י	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 כָּתַ֨ב	obl	the days
4	אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֗שְׂתָּא	אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתָּא	PROPN	_	3 ימֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Artaxerxes
5	כָּתַ֨ב	כָּתַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he wrote
6	בִּשְׁלָ֜ם	בִּשְׁלָם	PROPN	_	5 כָּתַ֨ב	nsubj	Bishlam
7	מִתְרְדָ֤ת	מִתְרְדָת	PROPN	_	6 בִּשְׁלָ֜ם	conj	Mithredath
8	טָֽבְאֵל֙	טָבְאֵל	PROPN	_	6 בִּשְׁלָ֜ם	conj	Tabeel
9	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 שְׁאָ֣ר	cc	and
10	שְׁאָ֣ר	שְׁאָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 בִּשְׁלָ֜ם	conj	the rest
11	כְּנָוֺתָ֔י	כְּנָת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	10 שְׁאָ֣ר	compound:smixut	his associates
12	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 כְּנָוֺתָ֔י	nmod:poss	his
13	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	14 אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּ	case	to
14	אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּ	אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתָּא	PROPN	_	5 כָּתַ֨ב	obl	Artaxerxes
15	מֶ֣לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּ	appos	the king
16	פָּרָ֑ס	פָּרַס	PROPN	_	15 מֶ֣לֶךְ	compound:smixut	of Persia
17	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 כָּת֥וּב	cc	and
18	כְתָב֙	כְּתָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 כָּת֥וּב	nsubj	the writing
19	הַֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 נִּשְׁתְּוָ֔ן	det	of
20	נִּשְׁתְּוָ֔ן	נִשְׁתְּוָן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 כְתָב֙	compound:smixut	the letter
21	כָּת֥וּב	כָּתַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	5 כָּתַ֨ב	conj	[was] written
22	אֲרָמִ֖ית	אֲרָמִי	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	21 כָּת֥וּב	obl	Aramaic
23	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 מְתֻרְגָּ֥ם	cc	and
24	מְתֻרְגָּ֥ם	תִּרְגֵּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Sing	5 כָּתַ֨ב	conj	[it was] translated
25	אֲרָמִֽית	אֲרָמִי	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	24 מְתֻרְגָּ֥ם	obl	Aramaic
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 אֲרָמִֽית	punct
27	פ	פ	PUNCT	_	25 אֲרָמִֽית	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
כָּתַב he wrote	qatal · qal	בִּשְׁלָם Bishlam + מִתְרְדָת Mithredath + טָֽבְאֵל Tabeel + שְׁאָר the rest	נִּשְׁתְּוָן the letter
כָּתוּב [was] written	participle passive · qal		כְתָב the writing
מְתֻרְגָּם [it was] translated	participle passive · pual		כְתָב the writing

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And in the days of Artaxerxes wrote Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of his companions, unto Artaxerxes king of Persia; and the writing of the letter was written in the Aramaic character, and set forth in the Aramaic tongue.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:EZR:100.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.7/