Ezra 4:8 עֶזְרָא

Who acts: Rehum · What happens: write · To what, where: letter, Artaxerxes, sort

This is Ezra 4:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — Rehum — and what happens in the verse to letter, Artaxerxes, sort, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Ezra on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

רְח֣וּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵ֗ם וְשִׁמְשַׁי֙ סָֽפְרָ֔א כְּתַ֛בוּ אִגְּרָ֥ה חֲדָ֖ה עַל־יְרוּשְׁלֶ֑ם לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥שְׂתְּא מַלְכָּ֖א כְּנֵֽמָא׃

Rehum the commander and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort —

The tree

This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	רְח֣וּם	רְחוּם	PROPN	_	8 כְּתַ֛בוּ	nsubj	Rehum
2	בְּעֵל־	בְּעֵל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 רְח֣וּם	appos	lord
3	טְעֵ֗ם	טְעֵם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 בְּעֵל־	compound:smixut	of command
4	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 שִׁמְשַׁי֙	cc	and
5	שִׁמְשַׁי֙	שִׁמְשַׁי	PROPN	_	1 רְח֣וּם	conj	Shimshai
6	סָֽפְר	סָפִר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 שִׁמְשַׁי֙	appos	the
7	ָ֔א	א	DET	PronType=Art	6 סָֽפְר	det	scribe
8	כְּתַ֛בוּ	כְּתַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they wrote
9	אִגְּרָ֥ה	אִגְּרָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	8 כְּתַ֛בוּ	obj	a letter
10	חֲדָ֖ה	חַד	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	9 אִגְּרָ֥ה	nummod	one
11	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	12 יְרוּשְׁלֶ֑ם	case	concerning
12	יְרוּשְׁלֶ֑ם	יְרוּשְׁלֵם	PROPN	_	8 כְּתַ֛בוּ	obl	Jerusalem
13	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	14 אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥שְׂתְּא	case	to
14	אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥שְׂתְּא	אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא	PROPN	_	8 כְּתַ֛בוּ	obl	Artaxerxes
15	מַלְכּ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥שְׂתְּא	appos	the
16	ָ֖א	א	DET	PronType=Art	15 מַלְכּ	det	king
17	כְּנֵֽמָא	כְּנֵמָא	ADV	_	8 כְּתַ֛בוּ	advmod	as follows
18	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	17 כְּנֵֽמָא	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
כְּתַבוּ they wrote	qatal · peal	רְחוּם Rehum + שִׁמְשַׁי Shimshai	אִגְּרָה a letter

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Rehum the commander and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort —

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc-arc:EZR:0.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.8/