Ezra 4:8 · JPS 1917
Rehum the commander and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort —
Who acts: Rehum · What happens: write · To what, where: letter, Artaxerxes, sort
This is Ezra 4:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rehum), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rehum | Rehum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 wrote | nsubj |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 commander | det |
| 3 | commander | commander | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Rehum | appos |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 Shimshai | cc |
| 5 | Shimshai | Shimshai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Rehum | conj |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 scribe | det |
| 7 | scribe | scribe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 Shimshai | appos |
| 8 | wrote | write | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 letter | det |
| 10 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 wrote | obj |
| 11 | against | against | ADP | _ | 12 Jerusalem | case |
| 12 | Jerusalem | Jerusalem | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 letter | nmod |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 Artaxerxes | case |
| 14 | Artaxerxes | Artaxerxes | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 wrote | obl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 king | det |
| 16 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 Artaxerxes | appos |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 sort | case |
| 18 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 19 sort | det |
| 19 | sort | sort | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 wrote | obl |
| 20 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 wrote | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | write | past | Rehum and Shimshai | a letter | Artaxerxes | this sort | against Jerusalem | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent letter=Theme in sort=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Aramaic of this verse
רְח֣וּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵ֗ם וְשִׁמְשַׁי֙ סָֽפְרָ֔א כְּתַ֛בוּ אִגְּרָ֥ה חֲדָ֖ה עַל־יְרוּשְׁלֶ֑ם לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥שְׂתְּא מַלְכָּ֖א כְּנֵֽמָא׃
Ezra 4:8: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:EZR:103 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.103/