Job 24:16 אִיּוֹב

Who acts: men · What happens: dig, shut up, not know · To what, where: dark, men, light

This is Job 24:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men — and what happens in the verse to dark, men, light, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 42 chapters of Job on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

חָתַ֥ר בַּחֹ֗שֶׁךְ בָּ֫תִּ֥ים יוֹמָ֥ם חִתְּמוּ־לָ֗מוֹ לֹא־יָ֥דְעוּ אֽוֹר׃

In the dark they dig through houses; they shut themselves up in the day-time; they know not the light.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	חָתַ֥ר	חָתַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he digs into
2	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	4 חֹ֗שֶׁךְ	case	in
3	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 חֹ֗שֶׁךְ	det	(the)
4	חֹ֗שֶׁךְ	חֹשֶׁךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 חָתַ֥ר	obl	darkness
5	בָּ֫תִּ֥ים	בַּיִת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	1 חָתַ֥ר	obj	houses
6	יוֹמָ֥ם	יוֹמָם	ADV	_	7 חִתְּמוּ־	advmod	by day
7	חִתְּמוּ־	חָתַם	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3	1 חָתַ֥ר	parataxis	they seal up
8	לָ֗	לְ	ADP	_	9 מוֹ	case	for
9	מוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 חִתְּמוּ־	obl	themselves
10	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	11 יָ֥דְעוּ	advmod	not
11	יָ֥דְעוּ	יָדַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	1 חָתַ֥ר	parataxis	they know
12	אֽוֹר	אוֹר	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 יָ֥דְעוּ	obj	light
13	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	12 אֽוֹר	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	what, whom (A1)
חָתַר he digs into	qatal · qal	בָּתִּים houses
חִתְּמוּ־ they seal up	qatal · piel
not יָדְעוּ they know	qatal · qal	אֽוֹר light

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

חָאֵק בַּחֲשׁוֹכָא בָתַּיָא בִּימָמָא מְחַתְּמִין לְהוֹן בְּגִנְזַיָא לָא יְדַעוּ נְהוֹרָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

In the dark they dig through houses; they shut themselves up in the day-time; they know not the light.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOB:582.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.24.16/