Lamentations 1:11 אֵיכָה
Who acts: people, I · What happens: sigh, seek, give, refresh, see, behold · To what, where: bread, pleasant things, soul
This is Lamentations 1:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, I — and what happens in the verse to bread, pleasant things, soul, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
כָּל־עַמָּ֤הּ נֶאֱנָחִים֙ מְבַקְּשִׁ֣ים לֶ֔חֶם נָתְנ֧וּ מַחֲמַדֵּיהֶ֛םבְּאֹ֖כֶל לְהָשִׁ֣יב נָ֑פֶשׁ רְאֵ֤ה יְהוָה֙ וְֽהַבִּ֔יטָה כִּ֥י הָיִ֖יתִי זוֹלֵלָֽה׃ס
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | כָּל־ | כֹּל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 4 נֶאֱנָחִים֙ | nsubj | all |
| 2 | עַמּ | עַם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 1 כָּל־ | compound:smixut | people |
| 3 | ָ֤הּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 עַמּ | nmod:poss | its |
| 4 | נֶאֱנָחִים֙ | אָנַח | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur | root | root | [are] groaning |
| 5 | מְבַקְּשִׁ֣ים | בָּקַשׁ | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur | 4 נֶאֱנָחִים֙ | parataxis | [they are] seeking |
| 6 | לֶ֔חֶם | לֶחֶם | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 מְבַקְּשִׁ֣ים | obj | bread |
| 7 | נָתְנ֧וּ | נָתַן | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 4 נֶאֱנָחִים֙ | parataxis | they have given |
| 8 | מַחֲמַדֵּי | מַחְמָד | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 7 נָתְנ֧וּ | obj | things |
| 9 | הֶ֛ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 מַחֲמַדֵּי | nmod:poss | their desirable |
| 10 | בְּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 11 אֹ֖כֶל | case | for |
| 11 | אֹ֖כֶל | אֹכֶל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 7 נָתְנ֧וּ | obl | food |
| 12 | לְ | לְ | ADP | _ | 13 הָשִׁ֣יב | case | to |
| 13 | הָשִׁ֣יב | שׁוּב | VERB | HebBinyan=HIPHIL | 7 נָתְנ֧וּ | xcomp | restore |
| 14 | נָ֑פֶשׁ | נֶפֶשׁ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 הָשִׁ֣יב | obj | life |
| 15 | רְאֵ֤ה | רָאָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2 | 4 נֶאֱנָחִים֙ | parataxis | see |
| 16 | יְהוָה֙ | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 15 רְאֵ֤ה | parataxis | O Yahweh |
| 17 | וְֽ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 18 הַבִּ֔יט | cc | and |
| 18 | הַבִּ֔יט | נָבַט | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2 | 15 רְאֵ֤ה | conj | look |
| 19 | ָה | ה | X | _ | 18 הַבִּ֔יט | nmod | |
| 20 | כִּ֥י | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 22 זוֹלֵלָֽה | mark | (dm) |
| 21 | הָיִ֖יתִי | הָיָה | AUX | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1 | 22 זוֹלֵלָֽה | cop | I am |
| 22 | זוֹלֵלָֽה | זָלַל | VERB | Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 4 נֶאֱנָחִים֙ | advcl | worthless |
| 23 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 22 זוֹלֵלָֽה | punct | |
| 24 | ס | ס | PUNCT | _ | 22 זוֹלֵלָֽה | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| נֶאֱנָחִים [are] groaning | participle passive · niphal | עַמּ people | |||
| מְבַקְּשִׁים [they are] seeking | participle active · piel | עַמּ people | לֶחֶם bread | ||
| נָתְנוּ they have given | qatal · qal | עַמּ people | מַחֲמַדֵּי things | ||
| הָשִׁיב restore | infinitive construct · hiphil | נָפֶשׁ life | עַמּ people | ||
| רְאֵה see | imperative · qal | יְהוָה O Yahweh | |||
| הַבִּיט look | imperative · hiphil | יְהוָה O Yahweh | |||
| הָיִיתִי I am | qatal · qal | ||||
| זוֹלֵלָֽה worthless | participle active · qal |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
כָּל עַמָּהָא דִירוּשְׁלֵם אֲנִיחָן מִכַּפְנָא וְתַבְעִין לַחֲמָא לְמֵיכָל יֲהֲבוּ רִיגוּגֵיהוֹן בִּסְעִיד לַחֲמָא לְקַיְימָא נְפָשׁ חֲזֵי יְיָ וּתְהֵי מִסְתַּכֵּל אֲרוּם הֲוֵיתִי גַרְגְרָנִיתָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:10.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.11/