Lamentations 1:13 אֵיכָה

Who acts: LORD, fire · What happens: send, prevail, spread, turn back, make · To what, where: fire, bones, net, me

This is Lamentations 1:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, fire — and what happens in the verse to fire, bones, net, me, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

מִמָּר֛וֹם שָֽׁלַח־אֵ֥שׁ בְּעַצְמֹתַ֖י וַיִּרְדֶּ֑נָּה פָּרַ֨שׂ רֶ֤שֶׁת לְרַגְלַי֙ הֱשִׁיבַ֣נִי אָח֔וֹר נְתָנַ֙נִי֙ שֹֽׁמֵמָ֔ה כָּל־הַיּ֖וֹם דָּוָֽה׃ס

From on high hath He sent fire into my bones, and it prevaileth against them; He hath spread a net for my feet, He hath turned me back; He hath made me desolate and faint all the day.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	2 מָּר֛וֹם	case	from
2	מָּר֛וֹם	מָרוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 שָֽׁלַח־	obl	a high place
3	שָֽׁלַח־	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he sent
4	אֵ֥שׁ	אֵשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 שָֽׁלַח־	obj	fire
5	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	6 עַצְמֹת	case	in
6	עַצְמֹת	עֶצֶם	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	3 שָֽׁלַח־	obl	bones
7	ַ֖י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 עַצְמֹת	nmod:poss	my
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יִּרְדּ	cc	and
9	יִּרְדּ	רָדָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 שָֽׁלַח־	conj	he
10	ֶ֑נָּה	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 יִּרְדּ	obj	mastered it
11	פָּרַ֨שׂ	פָּרַשׂ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 שָֽׁלַח־	parataxis	he spread out
12	רֶ֤שֶׁת	רֶשֶׁת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	11 פָּרַ֨שׂ	obj	a net
13	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	14 רַגְל	case	for
14	רַגְל	רֶגֶל	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Dual	11 פָּרַ֨שׂ	obl	feet
15	ַי֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	14 רַגְל	nmod:poss	my
16	הֱשִׁיב	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	3 שָֽׁלַח־	parataxis	bring_back
17	ַ֣נִי	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	16 הֱשִׁיב	obj	made me turn back
18	אָח֔וֹר	אָחוֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 הֱשִׁיב	obl	backward
19	נְתָנ	נָתַן	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 שָֽׁלַח־	parataxis	he
20	ַ֙נִי֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 נְתָנ	obj	made me
21	שֹֽׁמֵמָ֔ה	שָׁמֵם	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	19 נְתָנ	xcomp	desolate
22	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	25 דָּוָֽה	obl	all
23	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	24 יּ֖וֹם	det	the
24	יּ֖וֹם	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 כָּל־	compound:smixut	day
25	דָּוָֽה	דָּוֶה	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	3 שָֽׁלַח־	parataxis	faint
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 דָּוָֽה	punct
27	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	25 דָּוָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
שָֽׁלַח־ he sent	qatal · qal		אֵשׁ fire
יִּרְדּ he	wayyiqtol · qal	אֵשׁ fire	ֶנָּה mastered it
פָּרַשׂ he spread out	qatal · qal		רֶשֶׁת a net
הֱשִׁיב bring_back	qatal · hiphil	ַנִי made me turn back
נְתָנ he	qatal · qal		ַנִי made me
שֹֽׁמֵמָה desolate	participle active · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

מִן שְׁמַיָּא שָׁלַח אֵשָׁתָא בִּכְרַכֵּי תַקִּיפִין וּכְבַשׁ יַתְהוֹן פָּרַשׂ מְצַדְּתָּא לְרַגְלַי אִרְתִּיעַנִּי קְדַל בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבִי יְהִיבַנִּי לְמֶהֱוֵי צַדְיָא כָּל יוֹמָא מְרַחֲקָא וְחַלִּישָׁא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

From on high hath He sent fire into my bones, and it prevaileth against them; He hath spread a net for my feet, He hath turned me back; He hath made me desolate and faint all the day.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:12.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.13/