Lamentations 1:8 אֵיכָה

Who acts: Jerusalem, all, people · What happens: sin, become, honour, despise, see, sigh · To what, where: Jerusalem, nakedness

This is Lamentations 1:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jerusalem, all, people — and what happens in the verse to Jerusalem, nakedness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

חֵ֤טְא חָֽטְאָה֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם עַל־כֵּ֖ן לְנִידָ֣ה הָיָ֑תָה כָּֽל־מְכַבְּדֶ֤יהָ הִזִּיל֙וּהָ֙ כִּי־רָא֣וּ עֶרְוָתָ֔הּ גַּם־הִ֥יא נֶאֶנְחָ֖ה וַתָּ֥שָׁב אָחֽוֹר׃ס

Jerusalem hath grievously sinned, therefore she is become as one unclean; all that honoured her despise her, because they have seen her nakedness; she herself also sigheth, and turneth backward.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

Pragmatics

form

statement

act

assert

voice

narrator

speech

narration

negation

no

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

חוֹבָא רַבָּא חָבַת יְרוּשְׁלֵם בְּגִין כֵּן בְּטִלְטוּל הֲוַת כָּל עַמְמַיָּא דַהֲווּ מְיַקְרִין לָהּ מִלְקַדְמִין נָהֲגוּ בָּהּ זִילוּתָא אֲרוּם חֲזוֹ בִּדְקָהָא בְרַם הִיא מִתְאַנְחָא וּרְתִיעַת לַאֲחוֹרָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

1. Jerusalem hath grievously sinned, therefore she is become as one unclean; all that honoured her despise her, because they have seen her nakedness; she herself also sigheth, and turneth backward.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.8/