Lamentations 1:9 אֵיכָה

Who acts: filthiness, Jerusalem, enemy, my · What happens: be, not be, come down, have, behold, magnify · To what, where: skirts, comforter, affliction, LORD

This is Lamentations 1:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — filthiness, Jerusalem, enemy, my — and what happens in the verse to skirts, comforter, affliction, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

טֻמְאָתָ֣הּ בְּשׁוּלֶ֗יהָ לֹ֤א זָֽכְרָה֙ אַחֲרִיתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֣רֶד פְּלָאִ֔ים אֵ֥ין מְנַחֵ֖ם לָ֑הּ רְאֵ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־עָנְיִ֔י כִּ֥י הִגְדִּ֖יל אוֹיֵֽב׃ס

Her filthiness was in her skirts, she was not mindful of her end; therefore is she come down wonderfully, she hath no comforter. 'Behold, O LORD, my affliction, for the enemy hath magnified himself.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	טֻמְאָת	טֻמְאָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	4 שׁוּלֶ֗י	nsubj	uncleanness
2	ָ֣הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 טֻמְאָת	nmod:poss	its
3	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	4 שׁוּלֶ֗י	case	[was] the
4	שׁוּלֶ֗י	שׁוּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	root	root	skirts
5	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 שׁוּלֶ֗י	nmod:poss	of its robe
6	לֹ֤א	לֹא	ADV	_	7 זָֽכְרָה֙	advmod	not
7	זָֽכְרָה֙	זָכַר	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 שׁוּלֶ֗י	parataxis	it remembered
8	אַחֲרִית	אַחֲרִית	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	7 זָֽכְרָה֙	obj	outcome
9	ָ֔הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 אַחֲרִית	nmod:poss	its
10	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 תֵּ֣רֶד	cc	and
11	תֵּ֣רֶד	יָרַד	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 שׁוּלֶ֗י	conj	it has come down
12	פְּלָאִ֔ים	פֶּלֶא	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	11 תֵּ֣רֶד	obl	wonders
13	אֵ֥ין	אַיִן	ADV	_	4 שׁוּלֶ֗י	parataxis	there [is] not
14	מְנַחֵ֖ם	נָחַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing	13 אֵ֥ין	nsubj	a comforter
15	ל	לְ	ADP	_	16 ָ֑הּ	case	for
16	ָ֑הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 אֵ֥ין	obl	it
17	רְאֵ֤ה	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	4 שׁוּלֶ֗י	parataxis	see
18	יְהוָה֙	יהוה	PROPN	_	17 רְאֵ֤ה	dislocated	O Yahweh
19	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	20 עָנְי	case	(et)
20	עָנְי	עֳנִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 רְאֵ֤ה	obj	affliction
21	ִ֔י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	20 עָנְי	nmod:poss	my
22	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	23 הִגְדִּ֖יל	mark	(dm)
23	הִגְדִּ֖יל	גָּדַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	4 שׁוּלֶ֗י	advcl	it has magnified itself
24	אוֹיֵֽב	אָיַב	NOUN	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	23 הִגְדִּ֖יל	nsubj	[the] enemy
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 אוֹיֵֽב	punct
26	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	24 אוֹיֵֽב	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: speech with no frame
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
not זָֽכְרָה it remembered	qatal · qal		אַחֲרִית outcome
תֵּרֶד it has come down	wayyiqtol · qal
רְאֵה see	imperative · qal	יְהוָה O Yahweh	עָנְי affliction
הִגְדִּיל it has magnified itself	qatal · hiphil	אוֹיֵֽב [the] enemy

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

סוֹאֲבוּת דַם רִיחוּקָהָא בְּשִׁיפּוּלָהָא לָא אִידְכִיאַת מִנָּהּ וְלָא תְהָת עַל חוֹבָאָה וְלָא דְכִירַת מַה דַעֲתִיד לְמֵיתֵי עֲלָהָא בְּסוֹף יוֹמַיָּא וּנְחָתַת וּנְפָלַת וַהֲוָת פְּרִישָׁן וְלֵית דְמַלֵּיל תַּנְחוּמִין לָהּ חֲזֵי יְיָ וּתְהֵי מִסְתַּכֵּל אֲרוּם אִתְרַבְרַב עָלַי בְּעֵל דְבָבָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Her filthiness was in her skirts, she was not mindful of her end; therefore is she come down wonderfully, she hath no comforter. 'Behold, O LORD, my affliction, for the enemy hath magnified himself.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:8.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.9/