Lamentations 4:13 אֵיכָה

Who acts: enemy, iniquities · What happens: be, shed · To what, where: blood, just midst

This is Lamentations 4:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — enemy, iniquities — and what happens in the verse to blood, just midst, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

מֵֽחַטֹּ֣את נְבִיאֶ֔יהָ עֲוֺנ֖וֹת כֹּהֲנֶ֑יהָ הַשֹּׁפְכִ֥ים בְּקִרְבָּ֖הּ דַּ֥ם צַדִּיקִֽים׃ס

It is because of the sins of her prophets, and the iniquities of her priests, that have shed the blood of the just in the midst of her.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	מֵֽ	מִן	ADP	_	2 חַטֹּ֣את	case	from
2	חַטֹּ֣את	חַטָּאת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	root	root	the sins
3	נְבִיאֶ֔י	נָבִיא	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 חַטֹּ֣את	compound:smixut	its prophets
4	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 נְבִיאֶ֔י	nmod:poss	her
5	עֲוֺנ֖וֹת	עָוֺן	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 חַטֹּ֣את	conj	the iniquities
6	כֹּהֲנֶ֑י	כֹּהֵן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 עֲוֺנ֖וֹת	compound:smixut	its priests
7	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 כֹּהֲנֶ֑י	nmod:poss	her
8	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	9 שֹּׁפְכִ֥ים	mark	[who]
9	שֹּׁפְכִ֥ים	שָׁפַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	6 כֹּהֲנֶ֑י	appos	shed
10	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	11 קִרְבּ	case	in
11	קִרְבּ	קֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 שֹּׁפְכִ֥ים	obl	midst
12	ָ֖הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 קִרְבּ	nmod:poss	its
13	דַּ֥ם	דָּם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 שֹּׁפְכִ֥ים	obj	[the] blood
14	צַדִּיקִֽים	צַדִּיק	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 דַּ֥ם	compound:smixut	of righteous [people]
15	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	14 צַדִּיקִֽים	punct
16	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	14 צַדִּיקִֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
שֹּׁפְכִים shed	participle active · qal	נְבִיאֶי its prophets + כֹּהֲנֶי its priests	דַּם [the] blood

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

עֲנַת מִדַּת הַדִּין וְכֵן אֲמָרַת לָא הֲוָת כָּל דָּא אֱלָהֵן מֵחוֹבַת נְבִיאָהָא דְמִנְבְּאָן לָהּ נְבִיאוּת שִׁיקְרָא וּמֵעַוְיַת כַּהֲנָהָא דְאַסִּיקוּ קְטוֹרֶת בּוּסְמִין לְטַעֲוָתָא וְאִינוּן גָרְמוּ לְאִתְשַׁד בְּגַוָהּ דַּם זַכָּאִין:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

It is because of the sins of her prophets, and the iniquities of her priests, that have shed the blood of the just in the midst of her.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:122.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.4.13/