Lamentations 4:12 אֵיכָה
Who acts: kings, adversary · What happens: not believe, enter · To what, where: gates · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is Lamentations 4:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — kings, adversary — and what happens in the verse to gates, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
לֹ֤א הֶאֱמִ֙ינוּ֙ מַלְכֵי־אֶ֔רֶץ כֹּ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֣י תֵבֵ֑ל כִּ֤י יָבֹא֙ צַ֣ר וְאוֹיֵ֔ב בְּשַׁעֲרֵ֖י יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ס
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | לֹ֤א | לֹא | ADV | _ | 2 הֶאֱמִ֙ינוּ֙ | advmod | not |
| 2 | הֶאֱמִ֙ינוּ֙ | אָמַן | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3 | root | root | they believed |
| 3 | מַלְכֵי־ | מֶלֶךְ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 2 הֶאֱמִ֙ינוּ֙ | nsubj | [the] kings |
| 4 | אֶ֔רֶץ | אֶרֶץ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 מַלְכֵי־ | compound:smixut | of [the] earth |
| 5 | כֹּ֖ל | כֹּל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 3 מַלְכֵי־ | conj | all |
| 6 | יֹשְׁבֵ֣י | יָשַׁב | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur | 5 כֹּ֖ל | compound:smixut | the inhabitants |
| 7 | תֵבֵ֑ל | תֵּבֵל | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 6 יֹשְׁבֵ֣י | compound:smixut | of [the] world |
| 8 | כִּ֤י | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 9 יָבֹא֙ | mark | (dm) that |
| 9 | יָבֹא֙ | בּוֹא | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 2 הֶאֱמִ֙ינוּ֙ | ccomp | he will go |
| 10 | צַ֣ר | צַר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 9 יָבֹא֙ | nsubj | foe |
| 11 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 12 אוֹיֵ֔ב | cc | and |
| 12 | אוֹיֵ֔ב | אָיַב | NOUN | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 10 צַ֣ר | conj | enemy |
| 13 | בְּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 14 שַׁעֲרֵ֖י | case | in |
| 14 | שַׁעֲרֵ֖י | שַׁעַר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 9 יָבֹא֙ | obl | the gates |
| 15 | יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם | יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם | PROPN | _ | 14 שַׁעֲרֵ֖י | compound:smixut | of Jerusalem |
| 16 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 15 יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם | punct | |
| 17 | ס | ס | PUNCT | _ | 15 יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| not הֶאֱמִינוּ they believed | qatal · hiphil | יָבֹא he will go | מַלְכֵי־ [the] kings + יֹשְׁבֵי the inhabitants | ||
| יָבֹא he will go | yiqtol · qal | צַר foe + אוֹיֵב enemy |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
לָא הֲווֹ מְהֵימְנִין מַלְכְּוַת אַרְעָא וְכָל דְיָירֵי תֵבֵל אֲרוּם יֵעוּל נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר רַשִּׁיעָא וּנְבוּזַרְאֲדָן בְּעֵיל דְבָבָא לְנִכְסָא עַמָּא בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּתַרְעַיָּא דִירוּשְׁלֵם:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:121.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.4.12/