Lamentations 4:12 · JPS 1917

The kings of the earth believed not, neither all the inhabitants of the world, that the adversary and the enemy would enter into the gates of Jerusalem.

Who acts: kings, adversary · What happens: not believe, enter · To what, where: gates · Speech: someone speaks here

This is Lamentations 4:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kings, adversary), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 kings	det
2	kings	king	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 believed	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 earth	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 earth	det
5	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 kings	nmod
6	believed	believe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 believed	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 inhabitants	punct
9	neither	neither	CCONJ	Polarity=Neg	12 inhabitants	cc:preconj
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	12 inhabitants	det:predet
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 inhabitants	det
12	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 believed	conj
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 world	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 world	det
15	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 inhabitants	nmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 enter	punct
17	that	that	SCONJ	_	24 enter	mark
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 adversary	det
19	adversary	adversary	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 enter	nsubj
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 enemy	cc
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 enemy	det
22	enemy	enemy	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 adversary	conj
23	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	24 enter	aux
24	enter	enter	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 believed	ccomp
25	into	into	ADP	_	27 gates	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 gates	det
27	gates	gate	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 enter	obl
28	of	of	ADP	_	29 Jerusalem	case
29	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	Number=Sing	27 gates	nmod
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 believed	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not believe	past	the kings of the earth						vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	enter	would	the adversary and the enemy			the gates of Jerusalem			vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into gate=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

לֹ֤א הֶאֱמִ֙ינוּ֙ מַלְכֵי־אֶ֔רֶץ כֹּ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֣י תֵבֵ֑ל כִּ֤י יָבֹא֙ צַ֣ר וְאוֹיֵ֔ב בְּשַׁעֲרֵ֖י יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ס

Lamentations 4:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:LAM:133 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.133/