Psalms 43:2 תְּהִלִּים
Who acts: Thou, I · What happens: be, cast off, go, mourn, oppress · To what, where: God, me, oppression, enemy
This is Psalms 43:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Thou, I — and what happens in the verse to God, me, oppression, enemy, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 150 chapters of Psalms on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י מָֽעוּזִּי֮ לָמָ֪ה זְנַ֫חְתָּ֥נִי לָֽמָּה־קֹדֵ֥ר אֶתְהַלֵּ֗ךְ בְּלַ֣חַץ אוֹיֵֽב׃
For Thou art the God of my strength; why hast Thou cast me off? Why go I mourning under the oppression of the enemy?
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | כִּֽי־ | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 4 אֱלֹהֵ֣י | mark | (dm) |
| 2 | אַתָּ֤ה | אַתָּה | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 4 אֱלֹהֵ֣י | nsubj | you |
| 3 | ׀ | ׀ | PUNCT | _ | 2 אַתָּ֤ה | punct | |
| 4 | אֱלֹהֵ֣י | אֱלֹהִים | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | root | root | [are] the God |
| 5 | מָֽעוּזּ | מָעוֹז | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 4 אֱלֹהֵ֣י | compound:smixut | my refuge |
| 6 | ִי֮ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 מָֽעוּזּ | nmod:poss | my |
| 7 | לָ | לָמָה | ADP | _ | 8 מָ֪ה | case | |
| 8 | מָ֪ה | מָה | PRON | PronType=Int | 9 זְנַ֫חְתָּ֥ | obl | why? |
| 9 | זְנַ֫חְתָּ֥ | זָנַח | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2 | 4 אֱלֹהֵ֣י | parataxis | have |
| 10 | נִי | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 זְנַ֫חְתָּ֥ | obj | you rejected me |
| 11 | לָֽ | לָמָה | ADP | _ | 12 מָּה־ | case | |
| 12 | מָּה־ | מָה | PRON | PronType=Int | 14 אֶתְהַלֵּ֗ךְ | obl | why? |
| 13 | קֹדֵ֥ר | קָדַר | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 14 אֶתְהַלֵּ֗ךְ | obl:npmod | mourning |
| 14 | אֶתְהַלֵּ֗ךְ | הָלַךְ | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Sing Person=1 | 4 אֱלֹהֵ֣י | parataxis | do I go about |
| 15 | בְּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 16 לַ֣חַץ | case | in [the] |
| 16 | לַ֣חַץ | לַחַץ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 14 אֶתְהַלֵּ֗ךְ | obl | oppression |
| 17 | אוֹיֵֽב | אָיַב | NOUN | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 16 לַ֣חַץ | compound:smixut | of an enemy |
| 18 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 17 אוֹיֵֽב | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| זְנַחְתָּ have | qatal · qal | נִי you rejected me | |||
| אֶתְהַלֵּךְ do I go about | yiqtol · hithpael |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
אֲרוּם אַנְתְּ הוּא אֱלָהָא עוּשְׁנִי לְמָה שְׁבַקְתַּנִי לְמָה חַקִיר אֵיזֵיל בִּדְחוֹק בָּעֵיל דְבָבָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
- For Thou art the God of my strength; why hast Thou cast me off?
- Why go I mourning under the oppression of the enemy?
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:PSA:650.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.43.2/