Ruth 1:14 רוּת
Who acts: sons, Orpah, Ruth · What happens: lift up, weep, kiss, cleave · To what, where: voice, mother
This is Ruth 1:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — sons, Orpah, Ruth — and what happens in the verse to voice, mother, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Ruth on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
וַתִּשֶּׂ֣נָה קוֹלָ֔ן וַתִּבְכֶּ֖ינָה ע֑וֹד וַתִּשַּׁ֤ק עָרְפָּה֙ לַחֲמוֹתָ֔הּ וְר֖וּת דָּ֥בְקָה בָּֽהּ׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 2 תִּשֶּׂ֣נָה | cc | and |
| 2 | תִּשֶּׂ֣נָה | נָשָׂא | VERB | Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | root | root | they raised |
| 3 | קוֹל | קוֹל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 2 תִּשֶּׂ֣נָה | obj | voice |
| 4 | ָ֔ן | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Fem Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 קוֹל | nmod:poss | their |
| 5 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 6 תִּבְכֶּ֖ינָה | cc | and |
| 6 | תִּבְכֶּ֖ינָה | בָּכָה | VERB | Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 2 תִּשֶּׂ֣נָה | conj | they wept |
| 7 | ע֑וֹד | עוֹד | ADV | _ | 6 תִּבְכֶּ֖ינָה | advmod | again |
| 8 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 9 תִּשַּׁ֤ק | cc | and |
| 9 | תִּשַּׁ֤ק | נָשַׁק | VERB | Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 2 תִּשֶּׂ֣נָה | conj | she kissed |
| 10 | עָרְפָּה֙ | עׇרְפָּה | PROPN | _ | 9 תִּשַּׁ֤ק | nsubj | Orpah |
| 11 | לַ | לְ | ADP | _ | 12 חֲמוֹת | case | (to) |
| 12 | חֲמוֹת | חֲמוֹת | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 9 תִּשַּׁ֤ק | obl | mother-in-law |
| 13 | ָ֔הּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 חֲמוֹת | nmod:poss | her |
| 14 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 16 דָּ֥בְקָה | cc | and |
| 15 | ר֖וּת | רוּת | PROPN | _ | 16 דָּ֥בְקָה | nsubj | Ruth |
| 16 | דָּ֥בְקָה | דָּבַק | VERB | Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 2 תִּשֶּׂ֣נָה | conj | she clung |
| 17 | בּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 18 ָֽהּ | case | to |
| 18 | ָֽהּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 דָּ֥בְקָה | obl | her |
| 19 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 18 ָֽהּ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| תִּשֶּׂנָה they raised | wayyiqtol · qal | קוֹל voice | |||
| תִּבְכֶּינָה they wept | wayyiqtol · qal | ||||
| תִּשַּׁק she kissed | wayyiqtol · qal | עָרְפָּה Orpah | |||
| דָּבְקָה she clung | qatal · qal | רוּת Ruth |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
The Targum
וּנְטַלָא קָלֵיהוֹן וּבְכִיאָן עוֹד זִמְנָא אוּחְרָנָא וְנַשֵּׁיקַת עָרְפָּה לַחֲמָתַהּ וְרוּת אִתְדַּבְּקַת בָּהּ:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:RUT:13.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.14/