Ruth 2:20 רוּת

Who acts: Naomi, man · What happens: say, bless, not leave off, be · To what, where: man, kindness, living · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Ruth 2:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Naomi, man — and what happens in the verse to man, kindness, living, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Ruth on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַתֹּ֨אמֶר נָעֳמִ֜י לְכַלָּתָ֗הּ בָּר֥וּךְ הוּא֙ לַיהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹא־עָזַ֣ב חַסְדּ֔וֹ אֶת־הַחַיִּ֖ים וְאֶת־הַמֵּתִ֑ים וַתֹּ֧אמֶר לָ֣הּ נָעֳמִ֗י קָר֥וֹב לָ֙נוּ֙ הָאִ֔ישׁ מִֽגֹּאֲלֵ֖נוּ הֽוּא׃

And Naomi said unto her daughter-in-law: 'Blessed be he of the LORD, who hath not left off His kindness to the living and to the dead.' And Naomi said unto her: 'The man is nigh of kin unto us, one of our near kinsmen.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 תֹּ֨אמֶר	cc	and
2	תֹּ֨אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	she said
3	נָעֳמִ֜י	נׇעֳמִי	PROPN	_	2 תֹּ֨אמֶר	nsubj	Naomi
4	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	5 כַלָּת	case	to
5	כַלָּת	כַּלָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 תֹּ֨אמֶר	obl	daughter-in-law
6	ָ֗הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 כַלָּת	nmod:poss	her
7	בָּר֥וּךְ	בָּרַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 תֹּ֨אמֶר	ccomp	[be] blessed
8	הוּא֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 בָּר֥וּךְ	nsubj	he
9	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	10 יהוָ֔ה	case	by
10	יהוָ֔ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	7 בָּר֥וּךְ	obl	Yahweh
11	אֲשֶׁר֙	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	13 עָזַ֣ב	mark	who
12	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	13 עָזַ֣ב	advmod	not
13	עָזַ֣ב	עָזַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	10 יהוָ֔ה	acl:relcl	he has forsaken
14	חַסְדּ	חֶסֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 עָזַ֣ב	obj	loyalty
15	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 חַסְדּ	nmod:poss	his covenant
16	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	18 חַיִּ֖ים	case	with
17	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 חַיִּ֖ים	det	the
18	חַיִּ֖ים	חַי	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 עָזַ֣ב	obl	living
19	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 מֵּתִ֑ים	cc	and
20	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	22 מֵּתִ֑ים	case	with
21	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	22 מֵּתִ֑ים	mark	the
22	מֵּתִ֑ים	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	18 חַיִּ֖ים	conj	dead
23	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 תֹּ֧אמֶר	cc	and
24	תֹּ֧אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 תֹּ֨אמֶר	conj	she said
25	ל	לְ	ADP	_	26 ָ֣הּ	case	to
26	ָ֣הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 תֹּ֧אמֶר	obl	her
27	נָעֳמִ֗י	נׇעֳמִי	PROPN	_	24 תֹּ֧אמֶר	nsubj	Naomi
28	קָר֥וֹב	קָרֹוב	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 תֹּ֧אמֶר	ccomp	[is] near
29	ל	לְ	ADP	_	30 ָ֙נוּ֙	case	to
30	ָ֙נוּ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	28 קָר֥וֹב	nmod	us
31	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	32 אִ֔ישׁ	det	the
32	אִ֔ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	28 קָר֥וֹב	nsubj	man
33	מִֽ	מִן	ADP	_	34 גֹּאֲל	case	[is] one
34	גֹּאֲל	גָּאַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	28 קָר֥וֹב	parataxis	of
35	ֵ֖נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	34 גֹּאֲל	nmod:poss	our kinsman-redeemers
36	הֽוּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 גֹּאֲל	nsubj	he
37	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	36 הֽוּא	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
תֹּאמֶר she said	wayyiqtol · qal	נָעֳמִי Naomi
בָּרוּךְ [be] blessed	participle passive · qal		הוּא he
not עָזַב he has forsaken	qatal · qal	יהוָה Yahweh	חַסְדּ loyalty
תֹּאמֶר she said	wayyiqtol · qal	נָעֳמִי Naomi
גֹּאֲל of	participle active · qal		ֵנוּ our kinsman-redeemers

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

וַאֲמַרַת נָעֳמִי לְכַלְּתַהּ מְבוֹרָךְ הוּא מִפּוּם קוּדְשָׁא דַּיָי דְּלָא שְׁבַק טֵיבוּתֵיהּ עִם חַיַיָּא וְעִם מֵתַיָּא וַאֲמַרַת לַהּ נָעֳמִי קָרִיב לַנָא גּוּבְרָא מִפְּרִיקָנָא הוּא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Naomi said unto her daughter-in-law: 'Blessed be he of the LORD, who hath not left off His kindness to the living and to the dead.' And Naomi said unto her: 'The man is nigh of kin unto us, one of our near kinsmen.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:RUT:41.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.2.20/