Daniel 4:11 · JPS 1917
He cried aloud, and said thus: Hew down the tree, and cut off its branches, shake off its leaves, and scatter its fruit; let the beasts get away from under it, and the fowls from its branches.
Who acts: flesh · What happens: cry, say, hew down, cut off, shake off, scatter · To what, where: tree, branches, leaves, fruit, beasts, fowls · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Daniel 4:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flesh), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 cried | nsubj |
| 2 | cried | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | aloud | aloud | ADV | _ | 2 cried | advmod |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 said | punct |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 said | cc |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 cried | conj |
| 7 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 6 said | advmod |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 Hew | punct |
| 9 | Hew | Hew | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 6 said | ccomp |
| 10 | down | down | ADP | _ | 9 Hew | compound:prt |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 tree | det |
| 12 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Hew | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 cut | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 cut | cc |
| 15 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 9 Hew | conj |
| 16 | off | off | ADP | _ | 15 cut | compound:prt |
| 17 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 branches | nmod:poss |
| 18 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 cut | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 shake | punct |
| 20 | shake | shake | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 9 Hew | conj |
| 21 | off | off | ADP | _ | 20 shake | compound:prt |
| 22 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 leaves | nmod:poss |
| 23 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 shake | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 scatter | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 scatter | cc |
| 26 | scatter | scatter | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 9 Hew | conj |
| 27 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 fruit | nmod:poss |
| 28 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 scatter | obj |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 let | punct |
| 30 | let | let | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 cried | parataxis |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 beasts | det |
| 32 | beasts | beast | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 let | obj |
| 33 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 let | ccomp |
| 34 | away | away | ADV | _ | 33 get | advmod |
| 35 | from | from | ADP | _ | 37 it | case |
| 36 | under | under | ADP | _ | 37 it | case |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 get | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 fowls | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 fowls | cc |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 fowls | det |
| 41 | fowls | fowl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 get | obl |
| 42 | from | from | ADP | _ | 44 branches | case |
| 43 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 branches | nmod:poss |
| 44 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 fowls | nmod |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 cried | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cry speech: express | past | flesh | aloud property | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | flesh not said here | thus property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | hew down | infinitive | the tree | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient | |||||
| 4 | cut off | infinitive | tree's branches | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector branch=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | shake off | infinitive | tree's leaves | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient | |||||
| 6 | scatter | infinitive | tree's fruit | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent fruit=Theme | |||||
| 7 | let | infinitive | the beasts | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | get away | infinitive | the fowls from tree's branches | tree | away property | vn withdraw-82-2 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from it=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Aramaic of this verse
קָרֵ֨א בְחַ֜יִל וְכֵ֣ן אָמַ֗ר גֹּ֤דּוּ אִֽילָנָא֙ וְקַצִּ֣צוּ עַנְפ֔וֹהִי אַתַּ֥רוּ עָפְיֵ֖הּ וּבַדַּ֣רוּ אִנְבֵּ֑הּ תְּנֻ֤ד חֵֽיוְתָא֙ מִן־תַּחְתּ֔וֹהִי וְצִפְּרַיָּ֖א מִן־עַנְפֽוֹהִי׃
Daniel 4:11: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:DAN:119 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.119/