Daniel 4:23 · JPS 1917
And whereas it was commanded to leave the stump of the roots of the tree, thy kingdom shall be sure unto thee, after that thou shalt have known that the heavens do rule.
Who acts: kingdom, thou, heavens · What happens: command, leave, be, know, rule · To what, where: dwelling, stump · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Daniel 4:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kingdom, thou, heavens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 sure | cc |
| 2 | whereas | whereas | SCONJ | _ | 5 commanded | mark |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 commanded | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 commanded | aux:pass |
| 5 | commanded | command | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 sure | advcl |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 leave | mark |
| 7 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 commanded | xcomp |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 stump | det |
| 9 | stump | stump | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 leave | obj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 roots | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 roots | det |
| 12 | roots | root | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 stump | nmod |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 tree | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 tree | det |
| 15 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 roots | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 commanded | punct |
| 17 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 18 kingdom | nmod:poss |
| 18 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 sure | nsubj |
| 19 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 sure | aux |
| 20 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 21 sure | cop |
| 21 | sure | sure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 22 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 23 thee | case |
| 23 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 21 sure | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 known | punct |
| 25 | after | after | ADP | _ | 26 that | fixed |
| 26 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 30 known | mark |
| 27 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 30 known | nsubj |
| 28 | shalt | shall | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 30 known | aux |
| 29 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 30 known | aux |
| 30 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 sure | advcl |
| 31 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 35 rule | mark |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 heavens | det |
| 33 | heavens | heaven | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 rule | nsubj |
| 34 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 rule | aux |
| 35 | rule | rule | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 known | ccomp |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 sure | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- pos
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | command | past · passive | dwelling | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | leave not said to happen | to-infinitive | the stump of the roots of the tree | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stump=Theme | |||||
| 3 | is | shall | thy kingdom | unto thee; sure property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | know | shall · perfect | thou | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 5 | rule | present · do-support | the heavens | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Aramaic of this verse
וְדִ֣י אֲמַ֗רוּ לְמִשְׁבַּ֞ק עִקַּ֤ר שָׁרְשׁ֙וֹהִי֙ דִּ֣י אִֽילָנָ֔א מַלְכוּתָ֖ךְ לָ֣ךְ קַיָּמָ֑ה מִן־דִּ֣י תִנְדַּ֔ע דִּ֥י שַׁלִּטִ֖ן שְׁמַיָּֽא׃
Daniel 4:23: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:DAN:132 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.132/