Daniel 4:22 · JPS 1917
that thou shalt be driven from men, and thy dwelling shall be with the beasts of the field, and thou shalt be made to eat grass as oxen, and shalt be wet with the dew of heaven, and seven times shall pass over thee; till thou know that the Most High ruleth in the kingdom of men, and giveth it to whomsoever He will.
Who acts: dwelling, thou, seven times, Most High · What happens: drive, be, make, eat, wet, pass · To what, where: thou, grass, thee, kingdom, High, whomsoever · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Daniel 4:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dwelling, thou, seven times, Most High), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 5 driven | mark |
| 2 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 5 driven | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | shalt | shall | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 5 driven | aux |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 driven | aux:pass |
| 5 | driven | drive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 men | case |
| 7 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 driven | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 beasts | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 beasts | cc |
| 10 | thy | thy | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 11 dwelling | nmod:poss |
| 11 | dwelling | dwelling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 beasts | nsubj |
| 12 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 beasts | aux |
| 13 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 16 beasts | cop |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 beasts | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 beasts | det |
| 16 | beasts | beast | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 driven | conj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 field | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 field | det |
| 19 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 beasts | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 made | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 made | cc |
| 22 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 25 made | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | shalt | shall | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 25 made | aux |
| 24 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 25 made | aux:pass |
| 25 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 driven | conj |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 eat | mark |
| 27 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 made | xcomp |
| 28 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 eat | obj |
| 29 | as | as | ADP | _ | 30 oxen | case |
| 30 | oxen | ox | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 eat | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 wet | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 wet | cc |
| 33 | shalt | shall | AUX | Style=Arch VerbForm=Fin | 35 wet | aux |
| 34 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 35 wet | aux:pass |
| 35 | wet | wet | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 made | conj |
| 36 | with | with | ADP | _ | 38 dew | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 dew | det |
| 38 | dew | dew | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 wet | obl |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 heaven | case |
| 40 | heaven | heaven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 dew | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 pass | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 pass | cc |
| 43 | seven | seven | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 44 times | nummod |
| 44 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 pass | nsubj |
| 45 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 46 pass | aux |
| 46 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 driven | conj |
| 47 | over | over | ADP | _ | 48 thee | case |
| 48 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 46 pass | obl |
| 49 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 52 know | punct |
| 50 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 52 know | mark |
| 51 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 52 know | nsubj |
| 52 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 46 pass | advcl |
| 53 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 57 ruleth | mark |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 High | det |
| 55 | Most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 56 High | amod |
| 56 | High | high | PROPN | Number=Sing | 57 ruleth | nsubj |
| 57 | ruleth | rule | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 52 know | ccomp |
| 58 | in | in | ADP | _ | 60 kingdom | case |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 kingdom | det |
| 60 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 ruleth | obl |
| 61 | of | of | ADP | _ | 62 men | case |
| 62 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 60 kingdom | nmod |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 65 giveth | punct |
| 64 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 65 giveth | cc |
| 65 | giveth | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 57 ruleth | conj |
| 66 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 65 giveth | obj |
| 67 | to | to | ADP | _ | 68 whomsoever | case |
| 68 | whomsoever | whomsoever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 65 giveth | obl |
| 69 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 70 will | nsubj |
| 70 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 68 whomsoever | acl:relcl |
| 71 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 driven | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert, voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drive | shall · passive | thou | from men | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme from man=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | is | shall | thy dwelling | with the beasts; of the field | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | make | shall · passive | thou | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | eat | to-infinitive | thou not said here | grass | as oxen | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient | |||
| 5 | wet | shall · passive | with the dew of heaven | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: with dew=Instrument | |||||
| 6 | pass | shall | seven times | thee | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over thou=Location | ||||
| 7 | know | present | thou | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 8 | rule | present | the Most High | the kingdom of men | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 9 | give | present | the Most High not said here | High | whomsoever | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to whomsoever=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Aramaic of this verse
וְלָ֣ךְ טָֽרְדִ֣ין מִן־אֲנָשָׁ֡א וְעִם־חֵיוַ֣ת בָּרָא֩ לֶהֱוֵ֨ה מְדֹרָ֜ךְ וְעִשְׂבָּ֥א כְתוֹרִ֣ין ׀ לָ֣ךְ יְטַֽעֲמ֗וּן וּמִטַּ֤ל שְׁמַיָּא֙ לָ֣ךְ מְצַבְּעִ֔ין וְשִׁבְעָ֥ה עִדָּנִ֖ין יַחְלְפ֣וּן עֲלָ֑יךְעַ֣ד דִּֽי־תִנְדַּ֗ע דִּֽי־שַׁלִּ֤יט עִלָּיָא֙בְּמַלְכ֣וּת אֲנָשָׁ֔א וּלְמַן־דִּ֥י יִצְבֵּ֖א יִתְּנִנַּֽהּ׃
Daniel 4:22: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:DAN:131 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.131/