Daniel 6:13 · JPS 1917
Then they came near, and spoke before the king concerning the king's interdict: 'Hast thou not signed an interdict, that every man that shall make petition unto any god or man within thirty days, save of thee, O king, shall be cast into the den of lions?' The king answered and said: 'The thing is true, according to the law of the Medes and Persians, which altereth not.'
Who acts: men, thou, man, king, thing, law · What happens: come, speak, not sign, make, cast, answer · To what, where: interdict, petition, man, den · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Daniel 6:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, thou, man, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 came | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | near | near | ADV | _ | 3 came | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 spoke | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 spoke | cc |
| 7 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 8 | before | before | ADP | _ | 10 king | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 king | det |
| 10 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 spoke | obl |
| 11 | concerning | concern | ADP | _ | 15 interdict | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 king | det |
| 13 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 interdict | nmod:poss |
| 14 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 13 king | case |
| 15 | interdict | interdict | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 spoke | obl |
| 16 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 21 signed | punct |
| 17 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 21 signed | punct |
| 18 | Hast | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 signed | aux |
| 19 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 21 signed | nsubj |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 signed | advmod |
| 21 | signed | sign | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 spoke | ccomp |
| 22 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 interdict | det |
| 23 | interdict | interdict | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 signed | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 cast | punct |
| 25 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 50 cast | mark |
| 26 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 27 man | det |
| 27 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 cast | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 make | nsubj |
| 29 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 make | aux |
| 30 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 man | acl:relcl |
| 31 | petition | petition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 make | obj |
| 32 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 34 god | case |
| 33 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 34 god | det |
| 34 | god | god | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 make | obl |
| 35 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 36 man | cc |
| 36 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 god | conj |
| 37 | within | within | ADP | _ | 39 days | case |
| 38 | thirty | thirty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 39 days | nummod |
| 39 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 make | obl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 save | punct |
| 41 | save | save | ADP | _ | 43 thee | case |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 thee | case |
| 43 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 39 days | nmod |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 king | punct |
| 45 | O | o | INTJ | _ | 46 king | discourse |
| 46 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 cast | vocative |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 cast | punct |
| 48 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 50 cast | aux |
| 49 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 50 cast | aux:pass |
| 50 | cast | cast | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 signed | ccomp |
| 51 | into | into | ADP | _ | 53 den | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 den | det |
| 53 | den | den | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 cast | obl |
| 54 | of | of | ADP | _ | 55 lions | case |
| 55 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 den | nmod |
| 56 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
| 57 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
| 58 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 king | det |
| 59 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 answered | nsubj |
| 60 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | parataxis |
| 61 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 62 said | cc |
| 62 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 60 answered | conj |
| 63 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 68 true | punct |
| 64 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 68 true | punct |
| 65 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 thing | det |
| 66 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 true | nsubj |
| 67 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 68 true | cop |
| 68 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 said | ccomp |
| 69 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 73 law | punct |
| 70 | according | accord | VERB | ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 73 law | case |
| 71 | to | to | ADP | _ | 70 according | fixed |
| 72 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 73 law | det |
| 73 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 true | obl |
| 74 | of | of | ADP | _ | 76 Medes | case |
| 75 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 76 Medes | det |
| 76 | Medes | Mede | PROPN | Number=Plur | 73 law | nmod |
| 77 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 78 Persians | cc |
| 78 | Persians | Persian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 76 Medes | conj |
| 79 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 81 altereth | punct |
| 80 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 81 altereth | nsubj |
| 81 | altereth | alter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 73 law | acl:relcl |
| 82 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 81 altereth | advmod |
| 83 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
| 84 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=narrate, polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | men = man | then | near property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | speak speech: other | past | men = man not said here | before the king | concern the king's interdict | tree rules | |||
| 3 | not sign | present · perfect | thou | a interdict | vn instr_communication-37.4.1 «NP V NP.recipient that S»: agent=Agent interdict=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | make | shall | every man | petition | day | unto any god or man | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset petition=Product | ||
| 5 | cast | shall · passive | every man | the den of lions | king vocative | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into den=Product | |||
| 6 | answer speech: assert | past | the king | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | say speech: assert | past | the king not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | is | present | the thing | accord the law of the Medes and Persians; true property | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | accord | gerund | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 10 | not alter | present | the law of the Medes and Persians | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 11 | interdict | the king | nom interdict «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Aramaic of this verse
בֵּ֠אדַיִן קְרִ֨יבוּ וְאָמְרִ֥ין קֳדָם־מַלְכָּא֮ עַל־אֱסָ֣ר מַלְכָּא֒ הֲלָ֧א אֱסָ֣ר רְשַׁ֗מְתָּ דִּ֣י כָל־אֱנָ֡שׁ דִּֽי־יִבְעֵה֩ מִן־כָּל־אֱלָ֨הּ וֶֽאֱנָ֜שׁ עַד־יוֹמִ֣ין תְּלָתִ֗ין לָהֵן֙ מִנָּ֣ךְ מַלְכָּ֔א יִתְרְמֵ֕א לְג֖וֹב אַרְיָותָ֑א עָנֵ֨ה מַלְכָּ֜א וְאָמַ֗ר יַצִּיבָ֧א מִלְּתָ֛א כְּדָת־מָדַ֥י וּפָרַ֖ס דִּי־לָ֥א תֶעְדֵּֽא׃
Daniel 6:13: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:DAN:189 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.189/