Daniel 7:7 · JPS 1917
After this I saw in the night visions, and behold a fourth beast, dreadful and terrible, and strong exceedingly; and it had great iron teeth; it devoured and broke in pieces, and stamped the residue with its feet; and it was diverse from all the beasts that were before it; and it had ten horns.
Who acts: I, dominion, beasts · What happens: see, behold, have, devour, break, stamp · To what, where: night visions, fourth beast, great iron teeth, pieces, residue, beasts
This is Daniel 7:7 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, dominion, beasts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 2 this | case |
| 2 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 saw | obl |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 visions | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 visions | det |
| 7 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 visions | compound |
| 8 | visions | vision | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 saw | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 behold | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 behold | cc |
| 11 | behold | behold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 saw | conj |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 beast | det |
| 13 | fourth | fourth | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 14 beast | amod |
| 14 | beast | beast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 behold | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 dreadful | punct |
| 16 | dreadful | dreadful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 beast | amod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 terrible | cc |
| 18 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 dreadful | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 strong | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 strong | cc |
| 21 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 dreadful | conj |
| 22 | exceedingly | exceedingly | ADV | _ | 21 strong | advmod |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 had | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 had | cc |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 had | nsubj |
| 26 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 saw | conj |
| 27 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 teeth | amod |
| 28 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 teeth | compound |
| 29 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 had | obj |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 devoured | punct |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 devoured | nsubj |
| 32 | devoured | devour | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 saw | parataxis |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 broke | cc |
| 34 | broke | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 devoured | conj |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 pieces | case |
| 36 | pieces | piece | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 broke | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 stamped | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 stamped | cc |
| 39 | stamped | stamp | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 devoured | conj |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 residue | det |
| 41 | residue | residue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 stamped | obj |
| 42 | with | with | ADP | _ | 44 feet | case |
| 43 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 feet | nmod:poss |
| 44 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 stamped | obl |
| 45 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 49 diverse | punct |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 diverse | cc |
| 47 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 49 diverse | nsubj |
| 48 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 diverse | cop |
| 49 | diverse | diverse | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 saw | conj |
| 50 | from | from | ADP | _ | 53 beasts | case |
| 51 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 53 beasts | det:predet |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 beasts | det |
| 53 | beasts | beast | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 diverse | obl |
| 54 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 57 it | nsubj |
| 55 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 57 it | cop |
| 56 | before | before | ADP | _ | 57 it | case |
| 57 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 53 beasts | acl:relcl |
| 58 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 61 had | punct |
| 59 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 61 had | cc |
| 60 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 61 had | nsubj |
| 61 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 saw | conj |
| 62 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 63 horns | nummod |
| 63 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 61 had | obj |
| 64 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | I | the night visions | after this | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 2 | behold | infinitive | I not said here | a fourth beast | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer beast=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | have | past | dominion | great iron teeth | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient | ||||
| 4 | devour | past | dominion | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | break | past | dominion not said here | pieces | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in piece=Location | ||||
| 6 | stamp | past | dominion not said here | the residue | with dominion's feet | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent residue=Destination with foot=Theme | |||
| 7 | is | past | dominion | all beasts | diverse property | tree rules | |||
| 8 | is | past | all beasts | before residue | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | have | past | dominion | ten horns | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Aramaic of this verse
בָּאתַ֣ר דְּנָה֩ חָזֵ֨ה הֲוֵ֜ית בְּחֶזְוֵ֣י לֵֽילְיָ֗א וַאֲר֣וּ חֵיוָ֣ה רְֽבִיעָאָ֡ה דְּחִילָה֩ וְאֵֽימְתָנִ֨י וְתַקִּיפָ֜א יַתִּ֗ירָא וְשִׁנַּ֨יִן דִּֽי־פַרְזֶ֥ל לַהּ֙ רַבְרְבָ֔ן אָֽכְלָ֣ה וּמַדֱּקָ֔ה וּשְׁאָרָ֖א בְּרַגְלַ֣הּ רָפְסָ֑ה וְהִ֣יא מְשַׁנְּיָ֗ה מִן־כָּל־חֵֽיוָתָא֙ דִּ֣י קָֽדָמַ֔יהּ וְקַרְנַ֥יִן עֲשַׂ֖ר לַֽהּ׃
Daniel 7:7: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:DAN:214 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.214/