Daniel 7:25 · JPS 1917
And he shall speak words against the Most High, and shall wear out the saints of the Most High; and he shall think to change the seasons and the law; and they shall be given into his hand until a time and times and half a time.
Who acts: king · What happens: speak, wear out, think, change, give · To what, where: words, saints, hand · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Daniel 7:25 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 speak | cc |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 speak | nsubj |
| 3 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 speak | aux |
| 4 | speak | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 speak | obj |
| 6 | against | against | ADP | _ | 9 High | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 High | det |
| 8 | Most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 9 High | advmod |
| 9 | High | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 speak | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 wear | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 wear | cc |
| 12 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 wear | aux |
| 13 | wear | wear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 speak | conj |
| 14 | out | out | ADP | _ | 13 wear | compound:prt |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 saints | det |
| 16 | saints | saint | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 wear | obj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 High | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 High | det |
| 19 | Most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 20 High | advmod |
| 20 | High | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 saints | nmod |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 think | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 think | cc |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 think | nsubj |
| 24 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 think | aux |
| 25 | think | think | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 speak | conj |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 change | mark |
| 27 | change | change | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 think | xcomp |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 seasons | det |
| 29 | seasons | season | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 change | obj |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 law | cc |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 law | det |
| 32 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 seasons | conj |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 given | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 given | cc |
| 35 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 given | nsubj:pass |
| 36 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 given | aux |
| 37 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 38 given | aux:pass |
| 38 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 speak | conj |
| 39 | into | into | ADP | _ | 41 hand | case |
| 40 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 hand | nmod:poss |
| 41 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 given | obl |
| 42 | until | until | ADP | _ | 44 time | case |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 time | det |
| 44 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 given | obl |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 times | cc |
| 46 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 time | conj |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 time | cc |
| 48 | half | half | DET | NumForm=Word NumType=Frac PronType=Ind | 50 time | det:predet |
| 49 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 50 time | det |
| 50 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 time | conj |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 speak | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | shall | king | words | against the High | tree rules | |||
| 2 | wear out | shall | king not said here | the saints of the High | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent saint=Source | ||||
| 3 | think speech: other | shall | king | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | change | to-infinitive | king not said here | season | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | give | shall · passive | saints = saint | king's hand | time | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Aramaic of this verse
וּמִלִּ֗ין לְצַ֤ד עִלָּאָה֙ יְמַלִּ֔ל וּלְקַדִּישֵׁ֥י עֶלְיוֹנִ֖ין יְבַלֵּ֑א וְיִסְבַּ֗ר לְהַשְׁנָיָה֙ זִמְנִ֣ין וְדָ֔ת וְיִתְיַהֲב֣וּן בִּידֵ֔הּ עַד־עִדָּ֥ן וְעִדָּנִ֖ין וּפְלַ֥ג עִדָּֽן׃
Daniel 7:25: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:DAN:233 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.233/