Daniel 2:35 · JPS 1917
Then was the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, and the gold, broken in pieces together, and became like the chaff of the summer threshing-floors; and the wind carried them away, so that no place was found for them; and the stone that smote the image became a great mountain, and filled the whole earth.
Who acts: wind, stone · What happens: be, break, become, carry away, find, smite · To what, where: iron, pieces, place, image, great mountain, whole earth
This is Daniel 2:35 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wind, stone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | _ | 4 iron | advmod |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 iron | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 iron | det |
| 4 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 clay | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 clay | det |
| 7 | clay | clay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 iron | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 brass | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 brass | det |
| 10 | brass | brass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 iron | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 silver | punct |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 silver | det |
| 13 | silver | silver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 iron | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 gold | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 gold | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 gold | det |
| 17 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 iron | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 broken | punct |
| 19 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 iron | acl |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 pieces | case |
| 21 | pieces | piece | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 broken | obl |
| 22 | together | together | ADV | _ | 19 broken | advmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 became | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 became | cc |
| 25 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 iron | conj |
| 26 | like | like | ADP | _ | 28 chaff | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 chaff | det |
| 28 | chaff | chaff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 became | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 floors | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 floors | det |
| 31 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 floors | compound |
| 32 | threshing | thresh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 floors | compound |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 floors | punct |
| 34 | floors | floor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 chaff | nmod |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 carried | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 carried | cc |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 wind | det |
| 38 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 carried | nsubj |
| 39 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 iron | conj |
| 40 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 carried | obj |
| 41 | away | away | ADV | _ | 39 carried | advmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 found | punct |
| 43 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 48 found | mark |
| 44 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 43 so | fixed |
| 45 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 46 place | det |
| 46 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 found | nsubj:pass |
| 47 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 48 found | aux:pass |
| 48 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 carried | advcl |
| 49 | for | for | ADP | _ | 50 them | case |
| 50 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 found | obl |
| 51 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 59 became | punct |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 59 became | cc |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 stone | det |
| 54 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 became | nsubj |
| 55 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 56 smote | nsubj |
| 56 | smote | smite | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 54 stone | acl:relcl |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 image | det |
| 58 | image | image | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 smote | obj |
| 59 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 iron | conj |
| 60 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 62 mountain | det |
| 61 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 mountain | amod |
| 62 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 became | xcomp |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 65 filled | punct |
| 64 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 65 filled | cc |
| 65 | filled | fill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 59 became | conj |
| 66 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 68 earth | det |
| 67 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 68 earth | amod |
| 68 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 filled | obj |
| 69 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 iron | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- pos
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | the iron and the clay and the brass and the silver and the gold | then | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | break | participle | the iron and the clay and the brass and the silver and the gold not said here | pieces | together property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in piece=Location | |||
| 3 | become | past | like the chaff of the summer threshing floors | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | carry away | past | the wind | pieces = piece | away property | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | |||
| 5 | find | past · passive | no place | for pieces = piece | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Theme for they=Beneficiary | ||||
| 6 | smite | past | the stone | the image | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus image=Experiencer | ||||
| 7 | become | past | the stone | a great mountain | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 8 | fill | past | the stone not said here | the whole earth | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent earth=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Aramaic of this verse
בֵּאדַ֣יִן דָּ֣קוּ כַחֲדָ֡ה פַּרְזְלָא֩ חַסְפָּ֨א נְחָשָׁ֜א כַּסְפָּ֣א וְדַהֲבָ֗א וַהֲווֹ֙ כְּע֣וּר מִן־אִדְּרֵי־קַ֔יִט וּנְשָׂ֤א הִמּוֹן֙ רוּחָ֔א וְכָל־אֲתַ֖ר לָא־הִשְׁתֲּכַ֣ח לְה֑וֹן וְאַבְנָ֣א ׀ דִּֽי־מְחָ֣ת לְצַלְמָ֗א הֲוָ֛ת לְט֥וּר רַ֖ב וּמְלָ֥ת כָּל־אַרְעָֽא׃
Daniel 2:35: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:DAN:59 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.59/