Daniel 2:45 · JPS 1917
Forasmuch as thou sawest that a stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it broke in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter; and the dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof sure.'
Who acts: thou, stone, great God, dream, interpretation · What happens: see, cut out, break, make, know, come · To what, where: stone, mountain, iron, pieces · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Daniel 2:45 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, stone, great God, dream), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Forasmuch | forasmuch | SCONJ | _ | 4 sawest | mark |
| 2 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 1 Forasmuch | fixed |
| 3 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 4 sawest | nsubj |
| 4 | sawest | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Style=Arch Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 made | advcl |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 cut | mark |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 stone | det |
| 7 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 cut | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 cut | aux:pass |
| 9 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 sawest | ccomp |
| 10 | out | out | ADP | _ | 13 mountain | case |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 out | fixed |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 mountain | det |
| 13 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 cut | obl |
| 14 | without | without | ADP | _ | 15 hands | case |
| 15 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 cut | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 broke | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 broke | cc |
| 18 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 broke | mark |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 broke | nsubj |
| 20 | broke | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 cut | conj |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 pieces | case |
| 22 | pieces | piece | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 broke | obl |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 iron | det |
| 24 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 broke | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 brass | punct |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 brass | det |
| 27 | brass | brass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 iron | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 clay | punct |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 clay | det |
| 30 | clay | clay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 iron | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 silver | punct |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 silver | det |
| 33 | silver | silver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 iron | conj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 gold | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 gold | cc |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 gold | det |
| 37 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 iron | conj |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 43 made | punct |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 God | det |
| 40 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 God | amod |
| 41 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 made | nsubj |
| 42 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 made | aux |
| 43 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 44 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 43 made | xcomp |
| 45 | to | to | ADP | _ | 47 king | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 king | det |
| 47 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 known | obl |
| 48 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 50 come | nsubj |
| 49 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 50 come | aux |
| 50 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 44 known | ccomp |
| 51 | to | to | PART | _ | 52 pass | mark |
| 52 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 50 come | xcomp |
| 53 | hereafter | hereafter | ADV | _ | 52 pass | advmod |
| 54 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 59 certain | punct |
| 55 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 59 certain | cc |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 dream | det |
| 57 | dream | dream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 certain | nsubj |
| 58 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 59 certain | cop |
| 59 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 made | conj |
| 60 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 65 sure | punct |
| 61 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 65 sure | cc |
| 62 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 interpretation | det |
| 63 | interpretation | interpretation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 sure | nsubj |
| 64 | thereof | thereof | ADV | _ | 63 interpretation | advmod |
| 65 | sure | sure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 59 certain | conj |
| 66 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 43 made | punct |
| 67 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 43 made | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert, polarity=none, voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | thou | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | cut out | past · passive | a stone | the mountain | without hands | tree rules | |||
| 3 | break | past | stone | the iron and the brass and the clay and the silver and the gold | pieces | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer iron=Patient | |||
| 4 | make | present · perfect | the great God | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | know | participle | the great God not said here | to the king | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | come | shall | tree rules | ||||||
| 7 | pass | to-infinitive | hereafter property | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 8 | is | present | the dream | certain property | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | be | the interpretation | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Aramaic of this verse
כָּל־קֳבֵ֣ל דִּֽי־חֲזַ֡יְתָ דִּ֣י מִטּוּרָא֩ אִתְגְּזֶ֨רֶת אֶ֜בֶן דִּי־לָ֣א בִידַ֗יִן וְ֠הַדֶּקֶת פַּרְזְלָ֨א נְחָשָׁ֤א חַסְפָּא֙ כַּסְפָּ֣א וְדַהֲבָ֔א אֱלָ֥הּ רַב֙ הוֹדַ֣ע לְמַלְכָּ֔א מָ֛ה דִּ֥י לֶהֱוֵ֖א אַחֲרֵ֣י דְנָ֑ה וְיַצִּ֥יב חֶלְמָ֖א וּמְהֵימַ֥ן פִּשְׁרֵֽהּ׃פ
Daniel 2:45: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:DAN:69 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.69/