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home / corpora / Tanakh / Ketuvim / Daniel / chapter 2 / 2:45

Daniel 2:45 דָּנִיֵּאל

Who acts: thou, stone, great God, dream, interpretation · What happens: see, cut out, break, make, know, come · To what, where: stone, mountain, iron, pieces · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Daniel 2:45 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, stone, great God, dream, interpretation — and what happens in the verse to stone, mountain, iron, pieces, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

כָּל־קֳבֵ֣ל דִּֽי־חֲזַ֡יְתָ דִּ֣י מִטּוּרָא֩ אִתְגְּזֶ֨רֶת אֶ֜בֶן דִּי־לָ֣א בִידַ֗יִן וְ֠הַדֶּקֶת פַּרְזְלָ֨א נְחָשָׁ֤א חַסְפָּא֙ כַּסְפָּ֣א וְדַהֲבָ֔א אֱלָ֥הּ רַב֙ הוֹדַ֣ע לְמַלְכָּ֔א מָ֛ה דִּ֥י לֶהֱוֵ֖א אַחֲרֵ֣י דְנָ֑ה וְיַצִּ֥יב חֶלְמָ֖א וּמְהֵימַ֥ן פִּשְׁרֵֽהּ׃פ

Forasmuch as thou sawest that a stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it broke in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter; and the dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof sure.'

The tree

This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

casecaseoblmarkacl:relclmarkcaseobldetacl:relclnsubjmarkacl:relclcaseoblccconjobjdetconjdetconjdetconjdetccconjdetnsubjamodcaseobldetobjmarkcopcaseacl:relclccconjnsubjdetccconjnsubjnmod:posspunctpunctrootכָּADPasל־ADPtoקֳבֵלNOUNbecauseדִּֽי־SCONJthatחֲזַיְתָVERByou sawדִּיSCONJ(diy) thatמִADPfromטּוּרNOUN(the)ָאDETmountainאִתְגְּזֶרֶתVERBit was cut outאֶבֶןNOUNa stoneדִּי־SCONJwhichלָאADVnotבִADP[was] byידַיִןNOUNhandsוְCCONJandהַדֶּקֶתVERBit shatteredפַּרְזְלNOUNtheָאDETironנְחָשׁNOUNtheָאDETbronzeחַסְפּNOUNtheָאDETclayכַּסְפּNOUNtheָאDETsilverוְCCONJandדַהֲבNOUNtheָאDETgoldאֱלָהּNOUNGodרַבADJgreatהוֹדַעVERBhe has made knownלְADPtoמַלְכּNOUNtheָאDETkingמָהPRONwhatדִּיSCONJthatלֶהֱוֵאAUXit will beאַחֲרֵיADPafterדְנָהPRONthisוְCCONJand [is]יַצִּיבADJcertainחֶלְמNOUNtheָאDETdreamוּCCONJand [is]מְהֵימַןVERBtrustworthyפִּשְׁרNOUNinterpretationֵֽהּPRONits׃PUNCTפPUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelationgloss
1כָּכְּADP_3 קֳבֵ֣לcaseas
2ל־לְADP_3 קֳבֵ֣לcaseto
3קֳבֵ֣לקֳבֵלNOUN_31 הוֹדַ֣עoblbecause
4דִּֽי־דִּיSCONJ_5 חֲזַ֡יְתָmarkthat
5חֲזַ֡יְתָחֲזָהVERBGender=Masc HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing Person=23 קֳבֵ֣לacl:relclyou saw
6דִּ֣ידִּיSCONJ_10 אִתְגְּזֶ֨רֶתmark(diy) that
7מִמִןADP_8 טּוּרcasefrom
8טּוּרטוּרNOUNGender=Masc Number=Sing10 אִתְגְּזֶ֨רֶתobl(the)
9ָא֩אDETPronType=Art8 טּוּרdetmountain
10אִתְגְּזֶ֨רֶתגְּזַרVERBGender=Fem HebBinyan=ITHPEEL Number=Sing Person=35 חֲזַ֡יְתָacl:relclit was cut out
11אֶ֜בֶןאֶבֶןNOUNGender=Fem Number=Sing10 אִתְגְּזֶ֨רֶתnsubja stone
12דִּי־דִּיSCONJ_13 לָ֣אmarkwhich
13לָ֣אלָאADV_11 אֶ֜בֶןacl:relclnot
14בִבְּADP_15 ידַ֗יִןcase[was] by
15ידַ֗יִןיַדNOUNGender=Fem Number=Dual13 לָ֣אoblhands
16וְ֠וְCCONJ_17 הַדֶּקֶתccand
17הַדֶּקֶתדְּקַקVERBGender=Fem HebBinyan=HAPHEL Number=Sing Person=310 אִתְגְּזֶ֨רֶתconjit shattered
18פַּרְזְלפַּרְזֶלNOUNGender=Masc Number=Sing17 הַדֶּקֶתobjthe
19ָ֨אאDETPronType=Art18 פַּרְזְלdetiron
20נְחָשׁנְחָשׁNOUNGender=Masc Number=Sing18 פַּרְזְלconjthe
21ָ֤אאDETPronType=Art20 נְחָשׁdetbronze
22חַסְפּחֲסַףNOUNGender=Masc Number=Sing18 פַּרְזְלconjthe
23ָא֙אDETPronType=Art22 חַסְפּdetclay
24כַּסְפּכְּסַףNOUNGender=Masc Number=Sing18 פַּרְזְלconjthe
25ָ֣אאDETPronType=Art24 כַּסְפּdetsilver
26וְוְCCONJ_27 דַהֲבccand
27דַהֲבדְּהַבNOUNGender=Masc Number=Sing18 פַּרְזְלconjthe
28ָ֔אאDETPronType=Art27 דַהֲבdetgold
29אֱלָ֥הּאֱלָהּNOUNGender=Masc Number=Sing31 הוֹדַ֣עnsubjGod
30רַב֙רַבADJGender=Masc Number=Sing29 אֱלָ֥הּamodgreat
31הוֹדַ֣עיְדַעVERBGender=Masc HebBinyan=HAPHEL Number=Sing Person=3rootroothe has made known
32לְלְADP_33 מַלְכּcaseto
33מַלְכּמֶלֶךְNOUNGender=Masc Number=Sing31 הוֹדַ֣עoblthe
34ָ֔אאDETPronType=Art33 מַלְכּdetking
35מָ֛המָהPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Prs31 הוֹדַ֣עobjwhat
36דִּ֥ידִּיSCONJ_39 דְנָ֑הmarkthat
37לֶהֱוֵ֖אהוהAUXGender=Masc HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing Person=339 דְנָ֑הcopit will be
38אַחֲרֵ֣יאַחַרADP_39 דְנָ֑הcaseafter
39דְנָ֑הדְּנָהPRONGender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem35 מָ֛הacl:relclthis
40וְוְCCONJ_41 יַצִּ֥יבccand [is]
41יַצִּ֥יביַצִּיבADJGender=Masc Number=Sing31 הוֹדַ֣עconjcertain
42חֶלְמחֵלֶםNOUNGender=Masc Number=Sing41 יַצִּ֥יבnsubjthe
43ָ֖אאDETPronType=Art42 חֶלְמdetdream
44וּוְCCONJ_45 מְהֵימַ֥ןccand [is]
45מְהֵימַ֥ןאֲמַןVERBGender=Masc HebBinyan=HAPHEL Number=Sing31 הוֹדַ֣עconjtrustworthy
46פִּשְׁרפְּשַׁרNOUNGender=Masc Number=Sing45 מְהֵימַ֥ןnsubjinterpretation
47ֵֽהּהוּאPRONGender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs46 פִּשְׁרnmod:possits
48׃׃PUNCT_47 ֵֽהּpunct
49פפPUNCT_47 ֵֽהּpunct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

verbform · stemwho (A0)what, whom (A1)to whom, further (A2)who makes it happen (AA)
חֲזַיְתָ you sawqatal · pealאִתְגְּזֶרֶת it was cut out + הַדֶּקֶת it shattered
אִתְגְּזֶרֶת it was cut outqatal · ithpeelאֶבֶן a stone
הַדֶּקֶת it shatteredqatal · haphelאֶבֶן a stoneפַּרְזְל the + נְחָשׁ the + חַסְפּ the + כַּסְפּ the + דַהֲב the
הוֹדַע he has made knownqatal · haphelאֱלָהּ Godמָה what
לֶהֱוֵא it will beyiqtol · pealמָה what
מְהֵימַן trustworthyparticiple passive · haphelפִּשְׁר interpretation

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

  1. Forasmuch as thou sawest that a stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it broke in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter; and the dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof sure.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc-arc:DAN:41.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.45/