Lamentations 4:19 · JPS 1917

Our pursuers were swifter than the eagles of the heaven; they chased us upon the mountains, they lay in wait for us in the wilderness.

Who acts: pursuers · What happens: be, chase, lie · To what, where: us, mountains, wait, wilderness

This is Lamentations 4:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pursuers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 pursuers	nmod:poss
2	pursuers	pursuer	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 swifter	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 swifter	cop
4	swifter	swift	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	7 eagles	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 eagles	det
7	eagles	eagle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 swifter	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 heaven	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 heaven	det
10	heaven	heaven	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 eagles	nmod
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 chased	punct
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 chased	nsubj
13	chased	chase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 swifter	parataxis
14	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	13 chased	obj
15	upon	upon	ADP	_	17 mountains	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 mountains	det
17	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 chased	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 lay	punct
19	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 lay	nsubj
20	lay	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 chased	conj
21	in	in	ADP	_	22 wait	case
22	wait	wait	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 lay	obj
23	for	for	ADP	_	24 us	case
24	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	22 wait	nmod
25	in	in	ADP	_	27 wilderness	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 wilderness	det
27	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 lay	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 swifter	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	past	Our pursuers			than the eagles of the heaven; swift property	tree rules
2	chase	past	pursuers = pursuer	us	the mountains		vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent we=Theme upon mountain=Trajectory
3	lie	past	pursuers = pursuer	wait	the wilderness	for us	vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wait=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The Hebrew of this verse

קַלִּ֤ים הָיוּ֙ רֹדְפֵ֔ינוּ מִנִּשְׁרֵ֖י שָׁמָ֑יִם עַל־הֶהָרִ֣ים דְּלָקֻ֔נוּ בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר אָ֥רְבוּ לָֽנוּ׃ס

Lamentations 4:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →

Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:LAM:140 of Mova's parse database.

The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.140/