Lamentations 4:20 · JPS 1917
The breath of our nostrils, the anointed of the LORD, was taken in their pits; of whom we said: 'Under his shadow we shall live among the nations.'
Who acts: we, LORD · What happens: anoint, take, say, live, shadow · To what, where: breath, pits, shadow · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Lamentations 4:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 breath | det |
| 2 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 taken | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 nostrils | case |
| 4 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 nostrils | nmod:poss |
| 5 | nostrils | nostril | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 breath | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 anointed | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 anointed | det |
| 8 | anointed | anoint | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 breath | appos |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 LORD | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 LORD | det |
| 11 | LORD | LORD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 anointed | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 breath | punct |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 taken | aux:pass |
| 14 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 pits | case |
| 16 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 pits | nmod:poss |
| 17 | pits | pit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 taken | obl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 said | punct |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 whom | case |
| 20 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 said | obl |
| 21 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 said | nsubj |
| 22 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 taken | parataxis |
| 23 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 30 live | punct |
| 24 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 30 live | punct |
| 25 | Under | under | ADP | _ | 27 shadow | case |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 shadow | nmod:poss |
| 27 | shadow | shadow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 live | obl |
| 28 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 30 live | nsubj |
| 29 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 live | aux |
| 30 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 said | ccomp |
| 31 | among | among | ADP | _ | 33 nations | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 nations | det |
| 33 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 live | obl |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 30 live | punct |
| 35 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 30 live | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | anoint | participle | of the LORD | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | take | past · passive | the breath of our nostrils | nostrils's pits | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Value in pit=Location | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | we | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | live | shall | we | LORD's shadow | among the nations | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under shadow=Location | |||
| 5 | shadow | LORD | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
ר֤וּחַ אַפֵּ֙ינוּ֙ מְשִׁ֣יחַ יְהוָ֔ה נִלְכַּ֖ד בִּשְׁחִיתוֹתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֔רְנוּ בְּצִלּ֖וֹ נִֽחְיֶ֥ה בַגּוֹיִֽם׃ס
Lamentations 4:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:LAM:141 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.141/