Lamentations 4:20 אֵיכָה

Who acts: we, LORD · What happens: anoint, take, say, live, shadow · To what, where: breath, pits, shadow · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Lamentations 4:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, LORD — and what happens in the verse to breath, pits, shadow, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

ר֤וּחַ אַפֵּ֙ינוּ֙ מְשִׁ֣יחַ יְהוָ֔ה נִלְכַּ֖ד בִּשְׁחִיתוֹתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֔רְנוּ בְּצִלּ֖וֹ נִֽחְיֶ֥ה בַגּוֹיִֽם׃ס

The breath of our nostrils, the anointed of the LORD, was taken in their pits; of whom we said: 'Under his shadow we shall live among the nations.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	ר֤וּחַ	רוּחַ	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 נִלְכַּ֖ד	nsubj	the breath
2	אַפֵּ֙י	אַף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	1 ר֤וּחַ	compound:smixut	our nostrils
3	נוּ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 אַפֵּ֙י	nmod:poss	our
4	מְשִׁ֣יחַ	מָשִׁיחַ	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 ר֤וּחַ	appos	the [one] anointed
5	יְהוָ֔ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	4 מְשִׁ֣יחַ	compound:smixut	of Yahweh
6	נִלְכַּ֖ד	לָכַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he was captured
7	בִּ	בְּ	ADP	_	8 שְׁחִיתוֹת	case	in
8	שְׁחִיתוֹת	שְׁחִית	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	6 נִלְכַּ֖ד	obl	pits
9	ָ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 שְׁחִיתוֹת	nmod:poss	their
10	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	11 אָמַ֔רְנוּ	mark	whom
11	אָמַ֔רְנוּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	6 נִלְכַּ֖ד	parataxis	we had said
12	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	13 צִלּ	case	in
13	צִלּ	צֵל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 נִֽחְיֶ֥ה	obl	shadow
14	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 צִלּ	nmod:poss	his
15	נִֽחְיֶ֥ה	חָיָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	11 אָמַ֔רְנוּ	ccomp	we will live
16	בַ	בְּ	ADP	_	18 גּוֹיִֽם	case	among
17	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 גּוֹיִֽם	det	the
18	גּוֹיִֽם	גּוֹי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	15 נִֽחְיֶ֥ה	obl	nations
19	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	18 גּוֹיִֽם	punct
20	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	18 גּוֹיִֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: promise
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	what, whom (A1)
נִלְכַּד he was captured	qatal · niphal	רוּחַ the breath
אָמַרְנוּ we had said	qatal · qal	נִֽחְיֶה we will live
נִֽחְיֶה we will live	yiqtol · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

מַלְכָּא יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ דַהֲוָה חָבִיב לָנָא כְּנִשְׁמַת רוּחַ חַיִּין דִבְאַפָּנָא וַהֲוָה מִתְרַבֵּי בִמְשַׁח רְבוּתָא דַייָ אִתְחַד בְּמֵיצַד חִבּוּלֵיהוֹן דְמִצְרָאֵי דַהֲוֵינָא אָמְרִין עֲלוֹהִי בִּטְלַל זְכוּתֵיהּ נְחֵי בֵינֵי עַמְמַיָּא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

The breath of our nostrils, the anointed of the LORD, was taken in their pits; of whom we said: 'Under his shadow we shall live among the nations.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:LAM:129.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.4.20/