Lamentations 2:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2
He hath cast down from heaven unto the earth the beauty of Israel, and hath not remembered His footstool in the day of His anger.
Who acts: Lord · What happens: cast down, not remember, anger · To what, where: beauty, heaven, footstool
This is Lamentations 2:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 cast | nsubj |
| 2 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 cast | aux |
| 3 | cast | cast | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | down | down | ADP | _ | 3 cast | compound:prt |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 heaven | case |
| 6 | heaven | heaven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cast | obl |
| 7 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 9 earth | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 earth | det |
| 9 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cast | obl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 beauty | det |
| 11 | beauty | beauty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cast | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 Israel | case |
| 13 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 beauty | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 remembered | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 remembered | cc |
| 16 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 remembered | aux |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 remembered | advmod |
| 18 | remembered | remember | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 cast | conj |
| 19 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 footstool | nmod:poss |
| 20 | footstool | footstool | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 remembered | obj |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 day | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 day | det |
| 23 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 remembered | obl |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 anger | case |
| 25 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 anger | nmod:poss |
| 26 | anger | anger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 day | nmod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 cast | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cast down | present · perfect | Lord | the beauty of Israel | heaven | unto the earth | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent beauty=Product from heaven=Material | ||
| 2 | not remember | present · perfect | Lord not said here | Lord's footstool | day | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent footstool=Theme | |||
| 3 | anger | Lord | nom anger «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
אֵיכָה֩ יָעִ֨יב בְּאַפּ֤וֹ ׀ אֲדֹנָי֙ אֶת־בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן הִשְׁלִ֤יךְ מִשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔רֶץ תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹא־זָכַ֥ר הֲדֹם־רַגְלָ֖יו בְּי֥וֹם אַפּֽוֹ׃ס
Lamentations 2:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- How hath the Lord covered with a cloud the daughter of Zion in His anger!
- He hath cast down from heaven unto the earth the beauty of Israel, and hath not remembered His footstool in the day of His anger.
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:LAM:27 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.27/